物理模拟Flutter是一个美丽的方式来flutter应用的动画部件,使其看起来更加逼真和互动。这些可用于创建一系列动画,例如由于重力而使容器看起来附着在弹簧上的坠落物体。在本文中,我们将通过构建一个简单的应用程序来探索相同的内容。
按照以下步骤在 Widget 中创建一个简单的物理模拟:
- 开发一个动画控制器。
- 使用手势进行移动。
- 显示动画。
- 使用速度来模拟弹跳运动。
让我们详细讨论它们:
开发动画控制器:
要创建动画控制器,请创建一个名为 DraggableCard 的 StatefulWidget,如下所示:
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(home: PhysicsCardDragDemo()));
}
class PhysicsCardDragDemo extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(),
body: DraggableCard(
child: FlutterLogo(
size: 128,
),
),
);
}
}
class DraggableCard extends StatefulWidget {
final Widget child;
DraggableCard({this.child});
@override
_DraggableCardState createState() => _DraggableCardState();
}
class _DraggableCardState extends State {
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
}
@override
void dispose() {
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Align(
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
);
}
}
Dart
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
var size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
return GestureDetector(
onPanDown: (details) {},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {},
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
);
}
Dart
Animation _animation;
void _runAnimation() {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
_controller.reset();
_controller.forward();
}
Dart
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_controller = AnimationController(vsync: this, duration: Duration(seconds: 1));
_controller.addListener(() {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment = _animation.value;
});
});
}
Dart
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
Dart
onPanDown: (details) {
_controller.stop();
},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation();
},
Dart
void _runAnimation(Offset pixelsPerSecond, Size size) {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
final unitsPerSecondX = pixelsPerSecond.dx / size.width;
final unitsPerSecondY = pixelsPerSecond.dy / size.height;
final unitsPerSecond = Offset(unitsPerSecondX, unitsPerSecondY);
final unitVelocity = unitsPerSecond.distance;
const spring = SpringDescription(
mass: 30,
stiffness: 1,
damping: 1,
);
final simulation = SpringSimulation(spring, 0, 1, -unitVelocity);
_controller.animateWith(simulation);
}
Dart
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation(details.velocity.pixelsPerSecond, size);
},
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/physics.dart';
main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(home: PhysicsCardDragDemo()));
}
class PhysicsCardDragDemo extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
backgroundColor: Colors.green,
),
body: DraggableCard(
child: Container(
width: 140,
height: 140,
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.green
),
)
),
);
}
}
class DraggableCard extends StatefulWidget {
final Widget child;
DraggableCard({this.child});
@override
_DraggableCardState createState() => _DraggableCardState();
}
class _DraggableCardState extends State
with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
AnimationController _controller;
Alignment _dragAlignment = Alignment.center;
Animation _animation;
void _runAnimation(Offset pixelsPerSecond, Size size) {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
// evaluating velocity
final unitsPerSecondX = pixelsPerSecond.dx / size.width;
final unitsPerSecondY = pixelsPerSecond.dy / size.height;
final unitsPerSecond = Offset(unitsPerSecondX, unitsPerSecondY);
final unitVelocity = unitsPerSecond.distance;
const spring = SpringDescription(
mass: 30,
stiffness: 1,
damping: 1,
);
final simulation = SpringSimulation(spring, 0, 1, -unitVelocity);
_controller.animateWith(simulation);
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_controller = AnimationController(vsync: this);
_controller.addListener(() {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment = _animation.value;
});
});
}
@override
void dispose() {
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
return GestureDetector(
onPanDown: (details) {
_controller.stop();
},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation(details.velocity.pixelsPerSecond, size);
},
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
);
}
}
使用手势进行移动:
在这里,我们将使小部件在向任何方向拖动时移动。可以使用处理onPanEnd 、 onPanUpdate和onPanDown的 GestureDetector 来映射移动,如下所示:
Dart
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
var size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
return GestureDetector(
onPanDown: (details) {},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {},
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
);
}
显示动画:
使用 Animation
Dart
Animation _animation;
void _runAnimation() {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
_controller.reset();
_controller.forward();
}
现在,每当动画控制器产生一个值更新 _dragAlingment 字段,如下所示:
Dart
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_controller = AnimationController(vsync: this, duration: Duration(seconds: 1));
_controller.addListener(() {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment = _animation.value;
});
});
}
现在,使用 _dragAlingment 字段来对齐小部件,如下所示:
Dart
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
最后使用 GestureDetector 管理动画,如下所示:
Dart
onPanDown: (details) {
_controller.stop();
},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation();
},
使用速度来模拟弹跳运动:
首先,导入 Physics 包,如下所示:
import 'package:flutter/physics.dart';
现在使用AnimationController的animateWith()方法创建一个类似弹簧的 效果如下图:
Dart
void _runAnimation(Offset pixelsPerSecond, Size size) {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
final unitsPerSecondX = pixelsPerSecond.dx / size.width;
final unitsPerSecondY = pixelsPerSecond.dy / size.height;
final unitsPerSecond = Offset(unitsPerSecondX, unitsPerSecondY);
final unitVelocity = unitsPerSecond.distance;
const spring = SpringDescription(
mass: 30,
stiffness: 1,
damping: 1,
);
final simulation = SpringSimulation(spring, 0, 1, -unitVelocity);
_controller.animateWith(simulation);
}
最后,以速度和大小为参数调用_runAnimation()方法,如下所示:
Dart
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation(details.velocity.pixelsPerSecond, size);
},
完整的源代码:
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/physics.dart';
main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(home: PhysicsCardDragDemo()));
}
class PhysicsCardDragDemo extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('GeeksForGeeks'),
backgroundColor: Colors.green,
),
body: DraggableCard(
child: Container(
width: 140,
height: 140,
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.green
),
)
),
);
}
}
class DraggableCard extends StatefulWidget {
final Widget child;
DraggableCard({this.child});
@override
_DraggableCardState createState() => _DraggableCardState();
}
class _DraggableCardState extends State
with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
AnimationController _controller;
Alignment _dragAlignment = Alignment.center;
Animation _animation;
void _runAnimation(Offset pixelsPerSecond, Size size) {
_animation = _controller.drive(
AlignmentTween(
begin: _dragAlignment,
end: Alignment.center,
),
);
// evaluating velocity
final unitsPerSecondX = pixelsPerSecond.dx / size.width;
final unitsPerSecondY = pixelsPerSecond.dy / size.height;
final unitsPerSecond = Offset(unitsPerSecondX, unitsPerSecondY);
final unitVelocity = unitsPerSecond.distance;
const spring = SpringDescription(
mass: 30,
stiffness: 1,
damping: 1,
);
final simulation = SpringSimulation(spring, 0, 1, -unitVelocity);
_controller.animateWith(simulation);
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_controller = AnimationController(vsync: this);
_controller.addListener(() {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment = _animation.value;
});
});
}
@override
void dispose() {
_controller.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
return GestureDetector(
onPanDown: (details) {
_controller.stop();
},
onPanUpdate: (details) {
setState(() {
_dragAlignment += Alignment(
details.delta.dx / (size.width / 2),
details.delta.dy / (size.height / 2),
);
});
},
onPanEnd: (details) {
_runAnimation(details.velocity.pixelsPerSecond, size);
},
child: Align(
alignment: _dragAlignment,
child: Card(
child: widget.child,
),
),
);
}
}
输出:
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