乘积规则公式
微积分是一门处理连续变化的数学学科,是数学中最重要的分支之一。微积分是围绕两个关键概念构建的:导数和积分。函数的变化率是通过它的导数来衡量的,而函数曲线下的面积是通过它的积分来衡量的。积分收集了一个函数在一系列值中的离散值,而导数提供了函数在给定点的解释。
产品规则
在微积分中,乘积规则是一种用于确定任何函数的导数的技术,该函数以乘积的形式表示,该乘积是通过将两个可微函数相乘而产生的。根据乘积规则,两个可微函数的乘积的导数等于第二个函数与第一个函数与第二个函数的微分的乘积之和。
如果我们有一个 f(x)⋅g(x) 类型的函数,我们可以使用乘积规则导数来获得该函数的导数。乘积规则的公式如下:
d(u(x).v(x))/dx = [v(x)×u′(x)+u(x)×v′(x)]
where,
u(x) and v(x) are differentiable functions in R.
u'(x) and v'(x) are the derivatives of functions u(x) and v(x) respectively.
推导
Suppose a function f(x) = u(x)⋅v(x) is differentiable at x. We will prove the product rule formula using the definition of derivative or limits.
=
=
=
=
=
Put and
= v(x) × u'(x) + u(x) × v'(x)
This derives the formula for product rule.
示例问题
问题 1. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = x sin x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = x sin x. Here, u(x) = x and v(x) = sin x.
So, u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = cos x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= sin x (1) + x (cos x)
= sin x + x cos x
问题 2. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = x log x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = x log x. Here, u(x) = x and v(x) = log x.
So, u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = 1/x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= log x (1) + x (1/x)
= log x + 1
问题 3. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = x 2 cos x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = x2 cos x. Here, u(x) = x2 and v(x) = cos x.
So, u'(x) = 2x and v'(x) = -sin x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= cos x (2x) + x2(-sin x)
= 2x cos x – x2 sin x
问题 4. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = sin x log x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = sin x log x. Here, u(x) = sin x and v(x) = log x.
So, u'(x) = cos x and v'(x) = 1/x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= log x (cos x) + sin x (1/x)
= log x cos x + sin x/ x
问题 5. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = tan x sec x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = tan x sec x. Here, u(x) = tan x and v(x) = sec x.
So, u'(x) = sec2 x and v'(x) = sec x tan x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= sec x (sec2 x) + tan x (sec x tan x)
= sec x (sec2 x + tan2 x)
= sec x (2sec2 x – 1)
问题 6. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = (x – 3) sin x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = (x – 3) cos x. Here, u(x) = x – 3 and v(x) = sin x.
So, u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = cos x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= sin x (1) + (x – 3) (cos x)
= sin x + x cos x – 3 cos x
问题 7. 使用乘积法则求函数f(x) = x sec x 的导数。
解决方案:
We have, f(x) = x sec x. Here, u(x) = x and v(x) = sec x.
So, u'(x) = 1 and v'(x) = sec x tan x
Using product rule we have,
f'(x) = v(x)u'(x) + u(x)v'(x)
= sec x (1) + x (sec x tan x)
= sec x (1 + x tan x)