磁性公式
磁性是由电磁场感应的科学过程。磁场是由基本粒子的磁矩和电流产生的。磁场对铁磁材料具有很强的吸引力。因此,它们很容易被永磁体吸引。钴、镍、铁和它们的合金是铁磁化合物的例子。温度以及磁场和压力等其他因素会影响材料的磁性状态。
什么是磁场?
当电流通过导线时,导线周围会形成磁场。该磁场还会在导线周围形成同心环。此外,磁场的方向由电流的方向决定。
此外,我们可以使用“右手法则”,即右手拇指指向电流的方向。此外,磁场与折叠手指的方向对齐。场的大小由电流量和与导线的距离决定。
公式
电场的磁效应是在导体周围产生电场的特性。 HC Oersted 教授在 1820 年首次建立了这种现象。当他将磁针靠近载流导线时,他看到了偏转。安培定律表明针偏转的方向。磁场强度由以下公式给出:
B =
where,
- μ0 depicts the allowance of free space (μ0 = 4π×10−7T.m/A).
- I refers to the magnitude of current in amperes.
- d and l refer to distance and wire’s length respectively.
示例问题
问题 1. 磁场中导线中的电动势是否取决于回路的电阻?如果不是,为什么?
解决方案:
Since, emf =
Here, ϕ = B x A
As a result, the resistance of the loop does not concern the magnitude of the emf produced. Only the area or size of the loop influences it.
问题 2:通过 2 m 长的导线,电流为 7 A,均匀磁场的强度为 3.5 T。如果导线成 30 度角,求其受力。
解决方案:
We know, F = ILBsinθ
Here, I = 7 A, L = 2 m, B = 3.5 T, θ = 30°
⇒ F = (7 A)(2 m)(3.5 T)(sin30°)
⇒ F = 24.5 kg m/s2
问题 3. 考虑一个导线环,其表面与您的有利位置相切。恒定电流以顺时针方向流过环路。如果指向你的方向的磁场被激活会发生什么?
解决方案:
This can be answered using the concept of induction. The current flowing through the loop will adjust to counteract a change in magnetic field. Initially, the loop’s magnetic field is pointing in a direction away from the viewer. As a result, if the external magnetic field is unexpectedly enabled in the direction opposite (towards the spectator), the current in the circuit will reverse this change and boost while staying right to left.
问题 4. 当一致的磁通量指向页面时,电子以恒定的速度沿页面平面向右某处移动。找出作用在它上面的力的方向。
解决方案:
This question necessitates the use of the right-hand thumb rule. Point your right hand’s fingers in the position of the electron’s velocity (to the right). Turn your thumb in the magnetic field’s direction (into the page). Your palm ought to be approaching the force acting on the electron. However, because electrons are negative, this direction must be overturned, implying that the force is directed upwards through the plane of the page.
问题 5.通过 0.5 m 长的导线,电流为 3 A,均匀磁场的强度为 8 T。如果导线成 30 度角,求其受力。
解决方案:
We know, F = ILBsinθ
Here, I = 4 A, L = 0.5 m, B = 8 T, θ = 30°
⇒ F = (4 A)(0.5 m)(8 T)(sin30°)
⇒ F = 8 kg m/s2