什么是二价离子？
对元素周期表的研究和研究已经得出了各种结论，如元素的发现、原子模型、原子的结构、亚原子粒子等。到那时，科学家和研究人员有了显着的发现，使这项研究更加深入人心。相关的。迄今为止提出的理论解释了所发现的不同元素的物理和化学性质。
Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that carry electronegative or electropositive charges. The formation of ions takes place due to the losing or sharing of electrons. it simply means the number of protons present in an atom is not equal to the number of electrons.
阳离子和阴离子都是离子。离子的净电荷是阳离子和阴离子之间的差
离子是由于一个或多个价电子的获得或损失而具有净正电荷或负电荷的原子或分子。如果化学物质中的质子多于电子，则它具有净正电荷。如果电子多于质子，则该物种带有负电荷。中子的数量决定了元素的同位素，但与其电荷无关。
阴离子
An anion is a negatively charged ionic species. An atom that has gained electrons is known as this. The anode is drawn to anions, while the cathode is attracted to cations.
由于某些阴离子会引起腐蚀，因此阴离子的概念在腐蚀行业中是必不可少的。人们普遍认为，当金属（例如低碳钢）在水溶液中腐蚀时，某些电解质，尤其是氯化物和硫酸盐具有腐蚀性。阴离子分为四种类型。 Anions Valency (-) Monovalent anions 1 Divalent anions 2 Trivalent anions 3 Tetravalent anions 4
阳离子
When some elements form ions, they lose one or more electrons. Because they are positively charged and migrate toward the negative electrode (cathode) in an electrical field, these ions are called “cations.”
我们可以从下面的元素周期表中看到，第 1 族元素的外轨道都有一个 s 电子，而第 2 族元素的外轨道有两个 s 电子。这些电子与原子的连接很弱，很容易被撤回，使原子的质子多于电子，从而产生带正电的离子。由于电子损失，许多过渡元素会产生阳离子。阳离子分为四种Cations Valency (+) Monovalent cations 1 Divalent cations 2 Trivalent cations 3 Tetravalent cations 4
什么是二价阴离子 (2-)？
Divalent anions are the negatively charged ions having their valency (2-). They are the electronegative radicals also known as bivalent anions.
通过获得两个价电子并获得负电荷形成二价阴离子。这意味着电子数高于二价阴离子中的质子数。它由一个原子或一组原子的符号上的上标 2- 表示。二价阴离子的一些例子是氧化物（O 2- ）、碳酸盐（CO 3 2- ）等。
二价阴离子列表： Name Formula Carbonate CO32- Chromate CrO42- Dichromate Cr2O72- Manganate MnO42- Tetrathionate S4O62- Sulphide S2- Sulphite SO32- Sulphate SO42- Oxide O2- Zincate ZnO22- Thiosulphate S2O32-
什么是二价阳离子 (2+)？
Divalent Cations are the positively charged ions having their valency (2+). They are also known as bivalent cations. They are the basic radicals formed by the removal of hydroxide ions from the base.
二价阳离子失去两个价电子并获得正电荷。阳离子在原子或原子团的符号上用上标2+表示。二价阳离子的一些例子是钡(Ba 2+ )、钙(Ca 2+ )、镁(Mg 2+ )等。
二价阳离子列表： Name Formula Barium Ba2+ Copper[II] Cu2+ Calcium Ca2+ Magnesium Mg2+ Manganese[II] Mn2+ Zinc Zn2+ Iron[II] Fe2+ Nickel Ni2+ Cobalt Co2+ Tin[II] Sn2+ Cadmium Cd2+ Lead[II] Pb2+
示例问题
问题1：阴离子被称为酸性自由基，为什么？
回答：
Anions are called acidic radicals because as they are the ions formed after the removal of hydrogen ion (H+) from an acid.
问题2：阳离子是如何形成的？
回答：
Cations are formed by the removal of hydroxide ion (OH-).
问题3：硫酸盐保留在二价阴离子组中，为什么？
回答：
Sulphate is a diavalent anion because it has valency two and carries negative charge by gaining electrons from others.
问题4：主要电解质有哪些？
回答：
Sodium, Chloride, potassium, calcium and magnesium are the five main electrolytes that releases ions when dissolved in water.
问题 5：举一些电离的例子。
回答：
Fluorescent lights, plasma globes, plasma cutters etc. are the best example of ionization.
问题6：钙保留在二价阳离子组中，为什么？
回答：
Calcium is a divalent cation because it has valency two and carries a positive charge by gaining electrons from others.
问题7：同一种元素的原子可以为两种或多种离子吗？
回答：
Yes, the elements having atoms with variable valency can form more types of ions. For example copper, iron, etc.