加减复数
复数由实数和虚数组成。它通常以 z = a + ib 的形式表示,其中 a 是实部,b 是虚部。这里, i表示一个虚数,其值等于√-1 。因此, i = √-1。
加或减复数的步骤
- 添加或减去复数只是简单地组合复数的实部和虚部,并分别对每个组合应用操作。
- 所有实数都是虚部为零的复数,但所有复数都不是实数
- 如果复数是极坐标形式,我们首先将它们转换为笛卡尔形式并应用运算。
复数的加法
让我们考虑两个复数z 1 = a + ib和z 2 = c + id 。为了将复数相加,我们只需将两个复数的实部和虚部组合起来,然后应用加法运算。将复数相加的公式由下式给出:
z1 + z2 = (a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i (b + d)
If z = z1 + z2, then
z = (a + c) + i (b + d)
复数减法
两个复数z 1 = a + ib和z 2 = c + id可以通过组合两个复数的实部和虚部并分别对它们中的每一个应用减法运算来相减。减去复数的公式由下式给出:
z1 – z2 = (a + ib) – (c + id) = (a – c) + i (b – d)
If z = z1 – z2, then
z = (a – c) + i (b – d)
加减复数的性质
- 闭包性质:复数加减后形成的复数也是复数。
- 关联属性:此属性仅适用于复数的加法。也就是说,对于任意三个复数 z 1 、z 2和 z 3 ,我们有
(z1 + z2) + z3 = z1 + (z2 + z3)
- 交换性质:此性质适用于两个复数相加。对于任意两个复数 z 1和 z 2 ,我们有
z1 + z2 = z2 + z1
- 加法性质:这里,0 是复数的加法恒等式,因为
z + 0 = 0 + z
- 加法逆:对于复数 z,加法逆为 -z,因为z + (-z) = 0
示例问题
问题 1. 求两个复数 z = 3 + 5i 和 w = 6 – 2i 的和。
解决方案:
Since the given complex numbers have real and imaginary parts, we can combine them to find the net sum of both the complex numbers.
z + w = (3 + 5i) + (6 – 2i) = (3 + 6) + i (5 – 2)
z + w = 9 + 3i
Thus, the sum of the complex numbers is equal to 9 + 3i.
问题 2. 减去复数 z = 2 – 3i 和 w = -4 + 2i。
解决方案:
Since, we can combine the real and imaginary terms of the complex numbers and apply our operations, we can write
z – w = (2 – 3i) – (-4 + 2i) = (2 -(-4)) + i (-3 -2)
z – w = 6 – 5i
Thus, the result is 6 – 5i.
问题 3. 给定复数 z 1 = 3 + 2i、z 2 = 5 – 3i 和 z 3 = 1 + 2i,求 z 1 + z 2 – z 3的值。
解决方案:
Given the three complex numbers z1 = 3 + 2i, z2 = 5 – 3i and z3 = 1 + 2i, we can apply associative property of complex numbers to find the result.
Thus, we can write,
z1 + z2 – z3 = (z1 + z2) – z3 = ((3 + 2i) + (5 – 3i)) – (1 + 2i)
z1 + z2 – z3 = (8 – i) – (1 + 2i) = (8 – 1) + i(-1 – 2)
z1 + z2 – z3 = 7 – 3i
So, the answer is 7 – 3i.
问题 4. 给定两个复数 z 和 v,其中 z = 6 + 9i。如果两个复数之和是从 z 中减去 v 时的值的两倍,则求 v 的值。
解决方案:
Given, the complex number z = 5 + 2i.
According to the question,
z + v = 2 (z – v)
z + v = 2z – 2v
3v = z
v = z/3
Putting the value of z = 6 + 9i, we get
v = (6 + 9i)/3 = 6/3 + i (9/3) = 2 + 3i
v = 2 + 3i