直线的点斜率公式
在几何学中,有几种形式来表示二维坐标平面上的直线方程。给定斜率可以有无限条线,但是当我们指定线通过给定点时,我们会得到一条唯一的直线。直线方程的不同形式有:
- 斜率截距形式
- 点坡形式
- 标准格式
- 拦截形式
- 垂直形式
- 水平形式。
所以点斜式就是用一点和直线的斜率组成直线方程的直线方程的形式。存在许多具有相同斜率的直线,但通过该点的直线是唯一的,方程也是唯一的。在本文中,让我们看看如何在 2D 平面中使用点斜率形式来形成直线方程。
如果直线上的点是(a,b)并且直线的斜率为m,则直线方程。
y – b = m(x – a)
上式推导:
We know that slope is defined as slope = difference in y co-ords/ difference in x co-ords
So, for the points P(x,y) and Q(a,b) the slope is m = (y – b)/(x – a)
=> m(x – a) = y – b
=> y – b = m(x – a)
Where (x,y) is the points that satisfy the equation and lie on that line.
It can be further extended to 2 point slope form if two points are given let two points be (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) then two point slope form is
Slope is given as m = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1)
Substituting m in one point slope form considering (x1,y1) as a point:
y – y1 = (y2 – y1)/(x2 – x1) * (x – x1)
示例问题
问题1:求通过(5,3)、(6,4)的直线的斜率。
解决方案:
The slope of the line when two points are given is m = y2 – y1/x2 – x1
= 4 – 3/6 – 5
= 1/1 =1
So slope of the line is 1
问题 2:当直线的方程为 2x – 3y + 1 时,求直线的斜率。
解决方案:
The slope of the line when equation of line is given in the form of ax + by + c is -a/b
a = 2, b = -3
m = -(2/-3)
So slope of the line is 2/3
问题3:使用斜率为5,点为(2,5)的点斜率形式求直线方程
解决方案:
Given m = 5, (a,b) = (2,5)
So using point-slope form : y-b = m(x-a)
=> y-5 = 5* (x-2)
=>y -5 = 5x-10
=>5x-y-5 = 0
Equation of the line is 5x – y – 5 = 0
问题4:使用斜率为2且点为(1,3)的点斜率形式求直线的方程
解决方案:
Given m = 2 , (a,b) = (1,3)
So using point-slope form : y-b = m(x-a)
=> y-3 = 2* (x-1)
=>y -3 = 2x-2
=>2x-y+1 = 0
So the equation of the line is 2x – y + 1 = 0
问题5:使用斜率为8且点为(4,3)的点斜率形式求直线方程
解决方案:
Given m = 8, (a,b) = (4,3)
So using point-slope form : y-b = m(x-a)
=> y-3 = 8 (x-4)
=> y – 3 = 8x – 34
=> 8x -y -31 = 0
Equation of the line is 8x – y -31 = 0
问题 6:求通过 2 点 (3,6) 和 (4,8) 的线的方程。
解决方案:
Since 2 points are given 2 point slope form can be used: y-y1 = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) * (x-x1)
Given x1 = 3, y1 = 6, x2 = 4, y2 = 8
2 point slope form: y-y1 = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) * (x-x1)
=> y -6 = (8-6 )/(4-3) * (x-3)
=> y-6 = 2*(x-3)
=> y -6 = 2x-6
=> 2x-y =0
So equation of the line is 2x-y = 0
问题 7:求通过 2 个点 (1,5) 和 (4,17) 的直线方程。
解决方案:
Given x1 = 1, y1 = 5, x2 = 4, y2 = 17
2 point slope form : y-y1 = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) * (x-x1)
=> y – 5 = (17-5)/(4-1) * (x-1)
=>y-5 = 3 * (x-1)
=>y -5 = 3x -3
=> 3x – y + 2 = 0
So equation of the line is 3x – y + 2 = 0