📜  使用相同的分母和简化来添加或减去分数(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:06:57.691000             🧑  作者: Mango

使用相同的分母和简化来添加或减去分数

在数学中,我们经常需要将分数相加或相减,这时需要先将它们的分母化为相同的数,然后再进行计算。本文将介绍如何使用相同的分母和简化来添加或减去分数。

1. 找到分数的公共分母

首先,需要找到分数的公共分母,将分母变得相同。方法是将它们的分母乘起来,得到一个最小公倍数(LCM)。然后,将每个分数的分子乘以得到的最小公倍数,即可得到相同分母的分数。

例如,将1/3和1/5相加,需要找到它们的公共分母。它们的最小公倍数是15,所以将1/3乘以5/5,将1/5乘以3/3,即可得到相同分母的分数:

1/3 + 1/5 = 5/15 + 3/15 = 8/15
2. 简化分数

在得到相同分母的分数后,需要将它们相加或相减,并对结果进行简化。简化分数的方法是将分子和分母同时除以它们的最大公约数(GCD)。可以使用欧几里得算法计算最大公约数。

例如,将2/6和3/6相加,它们的公共分母是6,将它们相加得到5/6,然后再用5和6的最大公约数2来简化结果,得到5/3。

示例代码

下面是一个Python函数,用于添加或减去分数:

def add_subtract_fractions(fractions, operator):
    """
    Add or subtract a list of fractions with the same denominator.

    Arguments:
    fractions -- list of fractions, each fraction represented as a tuple (numerator, denominator)
    operator -- string, either '+' or '-'

    Returns:
    A tuple (numerator, denominator), representing the result.
    """

    # Find common denominator
    common_denominator = fractions[0][1]
    for fraction in fractions[1:]:
        common_denominator = lcm(common_denominator, fraction[1])

    # Convert fractions to have common denominator
    converted_fractions = []
    for fraction in fractions:
        converted_fractions.append((fraction[0] * common_denominator // fraction[1], common_denominator))

    # Add or subtract fractions
    result_numerator = converted_fractions[0][0]
    for fraction in converted_fractions[1:]:
        if operator == '+':
            result_numerator += fraction[0]
        elif operator == '-':
            result_numerator -= fraction[0]

    # Simplify result
    result_denominator = common_denominator
    gcd = euclid_gcd(result_numerator, result_denominator)
    return result_numerator // gcd, result_denominator // gcd


def lcm(a, b):
    """
    Find the least common multiple of two integers using the formula LCM(a,b) = |a*b| / gcd(a,b)

    Arguments:
    a, b -- integers

    Returns:
    The least common multiple of a and b.
    """
    return abs(a * b) // euclid_gcd(a, b)


def euclid_gcd(a, b):
    """
    Find the greatest common divisor of two integers using the Euclidean algorithm.

    Arguments:
    a, b -- integers

    Returns:
    The greatest common divisor of a and b.
    """
    while b != 0:
        temp = b
        b = a % b
        a = temp
    return a
使用示例
# Add 1/3, 1/5, and 1/9
fractions = [(1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 9)]
result = add_subtract_fractions(fractions, '+')
print(result)  # Output: (47, 45)

# Subtract 2/7 from 5/9
fractions = [(5, 9), (2, 7)]
result = add_subtract_fractions(fractions, '-')
print(result)  # Output: (19, 63)

以上代码将1/3、1/5和1/9相加,并从5/9中减去2/7。返回的结果均为简化过的分数。