为什么正方形的对角线比边长?
在数学中,我们周围不同物体的比例、尺寸、尺寸、形状、形状和角度都在称为几何的分支下研究。几何是最古老的数学分支之一,对我们的日常生活有着非常重要的应用和影响。在我们的生活中,我们被无数的事物所包围。所有这些物体都具有一定的形状,占据很大的空间,可以用来存放特定数量的东西,并且可以根据不同的位置放置。所有这些因素都属于几何范围。形状可以分为二维和三维。
二维形状
处理二维形状的几何子分支称为平面几何。它涉及可以在一张纸上绘制的形状和图形。顾名思义,二维形状仅由两个比例组成:长度和宽度,并且可以在笛卡尔平面上绘制。
正方形
正方形是四边形,其所有四个边的长度都相等,并且所有四个角的尺寸也相等。正方形的研究仅属于平面几何的范围,因为它是二维形状。正方形的相邻边相交成直角。下图描绘了一个正方形,边 AB = CD,AC = BD,∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90°。
正方形的对角线
正方形中有两条对角线,它们将相对的顶点相互连接,同时以 90° 平分彼此。下图显示了一个正方形 ABCD,它的两条对角线 AB 和 CD。 AB 和 CD 在 O 点平分,使得 ∠AOB = ∠BOC = ∠COD = ∠DOA = 90°。
为什么正方形的对角线比边长?
解决方案:
The diagonal of a square divides it into two right triangles. If only one diagonal were to be constructed, say diagonal BD, then it would divide the whole square into two congruent right triangles, △BDC and △ABD. This is shown in the following image:
Let the length of side of the square be a units.
Upon the first glance, it is obvious that the diagonal BD is the hypotenuse while DC and BC are the perpendicular and base respectively. We know that the hypotenuse id the longest side in a right triangle, hence, the diagonal of a square (hypotenuse of △BDC) is greater than its side (BC/ DC).
In right- triangle BDC, using Pythagoras Theorem, we have:
BD2 = BC2 + CD2
⇒ BD2 = a2 + a2
⇒ BD2 = 2a2
⇒ BD = √2a
Hence, Diagonal of a square > Side of the square.
示例问题
问题 1. 求边长为 √2 厘米的正方形的对角线。
解决方案:
Diagonal of a square = √2 × side
Here, Side = √2 cm
⇒ D = √2 × √2 cm
Thus, diagonal of the square = 2 cm.
问题 2. 求对角线为 10√2 厘米的正方形的周长。
解决方案:
Diagonal of a square = √2 × side
⇒ Side = Diagonal/ √2
= 10√2/ √2
= 10 cm
Perimeter of the square = 4(10) cm
= 40 cm.
问题 3. 求对角线为 10√2 厘米的正方形的面积。
解决方案:
Diagonal of a square = √2 × side
⇒ Side = Diagonal/ √2
= 10√2/ √2
= 10 cm
Area of the square = 102 sq. cm
= 100 sq. cm.
问题 4. 求边长为 6√2 厘米的正方形的对角线。
解决方案:
Diagonal of a square = √2 × side
Here, Side = 6√2 cm
⇒ D = √2 × 6√2 cm
Thus, diagonal of the square = 12 cm.
问题 5. 求对角线为 3√2 厘米的正方形的面积和周长。
解决方案:
Diagonal of a square = √2 × side
⇒ Side = Diagonal/ √2
= 3√2/ √2
= 3 cm
Perimeter of the square = 4(3) cm
= 12 cm.
Area of the square = 32 sq. cm.
= 9 sq. cm.