📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:12:39.622000             🧑  作者: Mango
该问题是2022门考试中的一个计算机科学问题。它要求我们找到一个有效的算法将有向无环图(DAG)的所有节点线性排序,使得每个节点在排序中都应首次出现,并且对于每个有向边(i,j),在排序中i都应该在j之前。这在许多应用中是一个重要的问题,例如编译器构建,任务计划和目标驱动设计等。
该问题可以使用拓扑排序算法(Topological Sorting Algorithm)来解决。这个算法通过在DAG上选择任意一个没有前驱的顶点并删除它的出边来进行排序。因为DAG不存在环,所以如果我们不断地选择没有前驱的顶点并删除它的出边,直到我们没有剩下的顶点时,我们将获得DAG的一个有效的线性排序。
下面是GATE-CS-2000的算法伪代码:
L <- Empty List that will contain the sorted nodes
S <- Set of all nodes with no incoming edge
while S is non-empty do
remove a node n from S
add n to L
for each node m with an edge e from n to m do
remove edge e from the graph
if m has no other incoming edges then
add m to S
if graph has edges then
return error (graph has at least one cycle)
else
return L (a topologically sorted order)
def topological_sort(graph):
# Step 1: Compute in-degree of each vertex
in_degree = {v: 0 for v in graph}
for v in graph:
for neighbor in graph[v]:
in_degree[neighbor] += 1
# Step 2: Initialize queue with vertices with zero in-degree
queue = [v for v in in_degree if in_degree[v] == 0]
# Step 3: Process each vertex in the queue
result = []
while queue:
v = queue.pop(0)
result.append(v)
# Update in-degree of neighbors
for neighbor in graph[v]:
in_degree[neighbor] -= 1
if in_degree[neighbor] == 0:
queue.append(neighbor)
# If the graph has edges, it is not DAG
if len(result) != len(graph):
return None
else:
return result
以上是一个基于python的示例代码,实现给定DAG的节点的拓扑排序。您可以使用该函数将节点线性排序并输出结果。