📜  门| GATE-CS-2000 |问题18(1)

📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:58:24.509000             🧑  作者: Mango

门 | GATE-CS-2000 | 问题18

这是一道原计算机科学领域的GATE考试题目。它挑战程序员的逻辑思考能力和算法设计能力。问题18要求我们设计算法并实现一个门电路,该电路把输入的二进制数字进行加1并且输出结果。该门电路需要支持2进制数字的输入和输出,同时要求电路的延迟时间和组合逻辑的数量都应该最小化。

题目要求
  1. 设计并实现一个门电路,该电路把输入的二进制数字进行加1并且输出结果。
  2. 该门电路需要支持2进制数字的输入和输出,同时要求电路的延迟时间和组合逻辑的数量都应该最小化。
参考思路

在原数基础上加1,思路比较简单,我们只需要从低位开始,将最后一个0变为1,将之后的1全部变为0即可。同时,如果最高位也为0,则需要增加一位高位,并赋值为1。

为了使电路的组合逻辑数量最小化,我们可以这样设计电路:使用一个4位的加法器实现二进制数加1的操作,使用一个4位的多路选择器实现最高位的判断和赋值操作。这样理论上能够实现要求的目标。

代码示例
### 真值表

| X3 | X2 | X1 | X0 | Z3 | Z2 | Z1 | Z0 |
|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  |
| 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  |
| 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  |
| 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  |
| 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 1  |
| 0  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  |
| 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 1  |
| 0  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  |
| 1  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  |
| 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  |
| 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 1  |
| 1  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  |
| 1  | 1  | 0  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  |
| 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 0  |
| 1  | 1  | 1  | 0  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  |
| 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | -  | -  | -  | -  |

### 逻辑图

插入电路图

### 代码实现

```vhdl
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;

entity full_adder is
    port(x, y, cin: in std_logic; s, cout: out std_logic);
end full_adder;

architecture behave of full_adder is 
begin 
    s <= x xor y xor cin; 
    cout <= (x and y) or (x and cin) or (y and cin);
end behave;

entity bin_adder_4bit is
    port(A, B: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
         Cin: in std_logic; 
         S: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
         Cout: out std_logic);
end bin_adder_4bit;

architecture behave of bin_adder_4bit is 
    component full_adder port(x, y, cin: in std_logic; s, cout: out std_logic);
    end component;
    signal C: std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);
begin 
    fa0: full_adder port map(A(0), B(0), Cin, S(0), C(1)); 
    fa1: full_adder port map(A(1), B(1), C(1), S(1), C(2)); 
    fa2: full_adder port map(A(2), B(2), C(2), S(2), C(3)); 
    fa3: full_adder port map(A(3), B(3), C(3), S(3), Cout); 
end behave;

entity bin_incrementor is 
    port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
         Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); 
end bin_incrementor;

architecture behave of bin_incrementor is 
    signal Cout: std_logic;
begin 
    bin_adder: bin_adder_4bit port map(A, "0001", '0', Bout, Cout); 
end behave;

entity high_bit_selector is 
    port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
         B: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); 
end high_bit_selector;

architecture behave of high_bit_selector is 
    signal Cout: std_logic;
begin 
    bin_adder: bin_adder_4bit port map(A, "1000", '0', B, Cout); 
end behave;

-- 实现门电路功能
entity binary_add_one_gate is 
    port(A, B: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
         Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end binary_add_one_gate;

architecture behave of binary_add_one_gate is 
    component high_bit_selector port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
                                     B: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); 
    end component;
    component bin_incrementor port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); 
                                    Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); 
    end component;
    signal C: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
begin 
    high_bit: high_bit_selector port map(A, C); 
    inc4bit: bin_incrementor port map(C, Bout); 
end behave;
总结

这道题主要考察了算法设计和电路实现的能力,通过使用多路选择器和加法器的组合,能够在最小的组合逻辑数量和最小的延迟时间内实现对输入值加1的操作。同时还需要熟悉VHDL的语法和语言特点,才能够理解并实现电路的代码。