📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 14:58:24.509000             🧑  作者: Mango
这是一道原计算机科学领域的GATE考试题目。它挑战程序员的逻辑思考能力和算法设计能力。问题18要求我们设计算法并实现一个门电路,该电路把输入的二进制数字进行加1并且输出结果。该门电路需要支持2进制数字的输入和输出,同时要求电路的延迟时间和组合逻辑的数量都应该最小化。
在原数基础上加1,思路比较简单,我们只需要从低位开始,将最后一个0变为1,将之后的1全部变为0即可。同时,如果最高位也为0,则需要增加一位高位,并赋值为1。
为了使电路的组合逻辑数量最小化,我们可以这样设计电路:使用一个4位的加法器实现二进制数加1的操作,使用一个4位的多路选择器实现最高位的判断和赋值操作。这样理论上能够实现要求的目标。
### 真值表
| X3 | X2 | X1 | X0 | Z3 | Z2 | Z1 | Z0 |
|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
### 逻辑图
插入电路图
### 代码实现
```vhdl
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
entity full_adder is
port(x, y, cin: in std_logic; s, cout: out std_logic);
end full_adder;
architecture behave of full_adder is
begin
s <= x xor y xor cin;
cout <= (x and y) or (x and cin) or (y and cin);
end behave;
entity bin_adder_4bit is
port(A, B: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
Cin: in std_logic;
S: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
Cout: out std_logic);
end bin_adder_4bit;
architecture behave of bin_adder_4bit is
component full_adder port(x, y, cin: in std_logic; s, cout: out std_logic);
end component;
signal C: std_logic_vector(4 downto 0);
begin
fa0: full_adder port map(A(0), B(0), Cin, S(0), C(1));
fa1: full_adder port map(A(1), B(1), C(1), S(1), C(2));
fa2: full_adder port map(A(2), B(2), C(2), S(2), C(3));
fa3: full_adder port map(A(3), B(3), C(3), S(3), Cout);
end behave;
entity bin_incrementor is
port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end bin_incrementor;
architecture behave of bin_incrementor is
signal Cout: std_logic;
begin
bin_adder: bin_adder_4bit port map(A, "0001", '0', Bout, Cout);
end behave;
entity high_bit_selector is
port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
B: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end high_bit_selector;
architecture behave of high_bit_selector is
signal Cout: std_logic;
begin
bin_adder: bin_adder_4bit port map(A, "1000", '0', B, Cout);
end behave;
-- 实现门电路功能
entity binary_add_one_gate is
port(A, B: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end binary_add_one_gate;
architecture behave of binary_add_one_gate is
component high_bit_selector port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
B: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end component;
component bin_incrementor port(A: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
Bout: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0));
end component;
signal C: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
begin
high_bit: high_bit_selector port map(A, C);
inc4bit: bin_incrementor port map(C, Bout);
end behave;
这道题主要考察了算法设计和电路实现的能力,通过使用多路选择器和加法器的组合,能够在最小的组合逻辑数量和最小的延迟时间内实现对输入值加1的操作。同时还需要熟悉VHDL的语法和语言特点,才能够理解并实现电路的代码。