先决条件 – 路由器简介和路由类型
1. 控制平面：
在路由中，控制平面是指确定使用哪条路径发送数据包或帧的所有功能和进程。控制平面负责填充路由表，绘制网络拓扑，转发表，从而启用数据平面功能。在这里意味着路由器做出决定。在一行中可以说它负责如何转发数据包。
2. 数据平面：
在路由中，数据平面是指基于控制平面逻辑将数据包/帧从一个接口转发到另一个接口的所有功能和过程。路由表、转发表和路由逻辑构成了数据平面函数。数据平面数据包通过路由器，帧的传入和传出基于控制平面逻辑完成。意味着在单行中可以说它负责将数据包从源移动到目的地。它也称为转发平面。
控制平面和数据平面的区别：
| S.No. | CONTROL PLANE | DATA PLANE |
|---|---|---|
| 01. | Control plane refers to the all functions and processes that determine which path to use to send the packet or frame. | Data plane refers to all the functions and processes that forward packets/frames from one interface to another based on control plane logic. |
| 02. | It is responsible for building and maintaining the IP routing table. | It is responsible for forwarding actual IP packet. |
| 03. | Control plane responsible about how packets should be forwarded. | Data plane responsible for moving packets from source to destination. |
| 04. | Control plane performs its task independently. | Data plane performs its task depending on data plane. |
| 05. | In general we can say in control plane it is learned what and how it can be done. | In general we can say in data plane the actual task is performed based on what is learned. |
| 06. | Control plane packets are processed by router to update the routing table. | The forwarding plane/data plane forwards the packets based on the built logic of control plane. |
| 07. | It includes Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) etc. |
It includes decrementing Time To Live (TTL), recomputing IP header checksum etc. |
| 08. | Control plane packets are locally originated by the router itself. | Data plane packets go through the router. |
| 09. | Control plane acts as a decision maker in data forwarding. | Data plane acts as a decision implementer in data forwarding. |
| 10. | Routing is performed in the control plane. | Switching is performed in the data plane. |