总共 10 名成员可以组成 3 人的委员会有多少种方式?
排列被称为按顺序组织组、主体或数字的过程,从集合中选择主体或数字,被称为组合,其中数字的顺序无关紧要。这是两个定义之间的一个基本区别,这也是它们的公式彼此不同的原因。
排列
在数学中,排列也被称为组织一个群的过程,其中一个群的所有成员都被排列成某种顺序或顺序。如果组已经排列,则置换过程称为对其组件的重新定位。排列发生在几乎所有数学领域。它们大多出现在考虑某些有限集合上的不同命令时。
置换公式
在排列中,从一组 n 个事物中挑选出 r 个事物,没有任何替换。在这个挑选的顺序。
nPr = (n!)/(n – r)!
Here,
n = Group size, the total number of things in the group
r = Subset size, the number of things to be selected from the group
组合
组合是从集合中选择数字的函数,这样(不像排列)选择的顺序无关紧要。在较小的情况下,可以计算组合的数量。这种组合被称为一次合并n个事物而不重复。组合起来,顺序无关紧要,您可以按任何顺序选择项目。对于那些允许重复出现的组合,经常使用术语 k-selection 或 k-combination with replication。
组合配方
组合 r 个东西是从一组 n 个东西中挑选出来的,挑选的顺序无关紧要。
nCr = n! ⁄ ((n – r)! r!)
Here,
n = Number of items in set
r = Number of things picked from the group
总共 10 名成员可以组成 3 人的委员会有多少种方式?
解决方案:
In the first part, use the combination formula since order doesn’t matter.
Then,
n!/r!(n – r)! = 10!/3!(10 – 3)!
= 120.
In the second part the order is required to choose the members from the committee
For that, use the permutation formula,
n!/(n – r)! = 10!(10 – 3)!
= 720.
类似问题
问题1:一共有8男10女。选 5 男 6 女组成委员会有几种方法?
解决方案:
Number of ways
= 8C5 × 10C6
= 8C3 × 10C4 [∵nCr = nC(n – r)]
= [(8 × 7 × 6)/(3 × 2 × 1)] × [(10 × 9 × 8 × 7)/(4 × 3 × 2 × 1)]
= 56 × 210
= 11760
问题2:有2个白色球,3个黑色球,4个红色球。找出抽出 3 个球的方法的数量,使得从袋子中抽出的球中至少有 1 个黑球。
解决方案:
There are 2 white coloured balls, 3 black coloured balls, 4 red coloured balls in the bag from which 3 balls need to be drawn in such a way that at least 1 black ball is present there in the draw from the bag. There are 3 possibility.
- Possibility 1: Choosing 3 black balls.
- Possibility 2: Choosing 2 black balls and one non-black ball.
- Possibility 3: Choosing 1 black ball and 2 non-black balls.
Number of ways of selecting 3 black balls,
= 3C3
- Number of ways to select 2 black balls and 1 non-black ball = 3C2 × 6C1
- Number of ways to select 1 black balls and 2 non-black ball = 3C1 × 6C2
Total number of ways,
= 3C3 + 3C2 × 6C1 + 3C1 × 6C2
= 3C3 + 3C1 × 6C1 + 3C1 × 6C2 [∵nCr = nC(n – r)]
= 1 + (3 × 6) + [3 × (6 × 5)/(2 × 1)]
= 1 + 18 + 45
= 64