带示例的应变公式
变形是连续体力学中物体从参考构型到当前构型的变化。配置是身体粒子的所有位置的集合。外部负载、内在活动(例如肌肉收缩)、身体力(例如重力或电磁力)或温度、水分含量或化学反应的变化等都会产生变形。
应变与身体中相对粒子位移的变形有关,不包括刚体运动。取决于应变场是根据物体的初始配置还是最终配置定义的,以及是否考虑度量张量或其对偶,可以为应变场的公式制作几个等效选项。
由于施加的力或物体温度场的变化引起的应力场,在连续物体中会出现变形场。
应变公式
希腊符号 epsilon (ε) 表示应变方程。
ε = Δx/x
Where,
Δx = Change in dimension
x = Original dimension
公式推导
以 [M 0 L 0 T 0 ] 形式出现的应变的三维描述
这里,
- M = 质量
- L = 长度
- T = 时间
因此,可以从上述公式或等式导出以下应变公式:
[M0L0T0] = M0L1T0 × [M0L1T0]−1
The dimensional formula of length = [M0L1T0]
Finally, the formula of strain is = Change in dimension/Original value of dimension
示例问题
问题1:如果身体的原始长度为10厘米,拉伸后的长度为10.2厘米,计算应变。
解决方案
Here the original length is L = 10cm.
ΔL = 10.2 – 10 = 0.2 cm
Now the strain formula is given as follows:
εL= Change in length / Original length
= ΔL / L
Substituting the values we get,
εL= 0.2 / 10
= 0.02 cm
Therefore, the strain is 0.02 cm.
问题 2:如果体应变为 0.0125,原始长度为 8 厘米,则计算体的长度变化。
解决方案
Here the strain is εL= 0.0125.
The original length is L = 8 cm.
εL= Change in length / Original length
= ΔL / L
Substituting the values we get,
0.0125 = ΔL / 8
0.0125 x 8 = ΔL
ΔL = 0.1 cm
Therefore, the change in length of the body is 0.1 cm.
问题3:如果应变为0.015,长度变化为0.3 cm,计算物体的原始长度。
解决方案
Here the longitudinal strain is εL= 0.015.
Change in length is ΔL = 0.3 cm
εL= Change in length / Original length
= ΔL/L
Substituting the values we get
0.015 = 0.3/ L
L = 0.3 / 0.015
L = 20 cm.
Therefore, the original length of the body is 20 cm.
问题 4:什么是应变?
回答
The term “strain” is used to describe the outcome of a stressful situation. The strain is a measurement of how much the body has warped as a result of the force’s action in contrast to its initial shape. The Greek letter epsilon (ε) is used to designate the strain.
问题 5:力拉一根原长为 100 厘米的字符串。弦长变化 2 mm。识别应变
解决方案
Original length (L) = 100 cm = 1 m
The change in length (ΔL) = 2 mm = 0.002 m
εL= Change in length / Original length
= ΔL/L
=0.002/1
=0.002 m