甲醛配方——结构、性质、用途、样题

由氢、碳和氧组成的最简单的醛称为甲醛，分子式为 CH ₂ O。它来自被称为挥发性有机化合物的一大类化学物质，在室温下蒸发并变成气态。让我们更多地了解甲醛，它的性质、结构、用途等。

甲醛

甲醛是脂肪醛系列中的第一个，也是一种反应性分子。甲醛是最重要的工业化学品之一，通常被描述为气体，但它也溶于水或其他溶剂中。它是一种天然存在的物质，用途广泛。

甲醛的结构

甲醛的IUPAC名称是甲醇，其化学式是CH ₂ O。它们的官能团是醛：-CHO，由一个碳原子、两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。

甲醛

甲醛的性质

Formaldehyde	Value
Density	815 kg/m³
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass	30.031 g/mol
Boiling Point	-19 °C
Melting Point	-92.0 °C
Chemical Formula	CH2O
Odor	Suffocating odor
Appearance	Colorless gas
Covalently-Bonded Unit	1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor	1
Complexity	2
Solubility	Soluble in water and acetone.

甲醛化学性质，CH ₂ O

• 当甲醛与氢氧化钠等碱反应时，会形成甲酸钠和甲醇。

2HCHO + NaOH → HCOONa + CH₃OH

• 当甲醛与氨反应形成甲脒和水。

6HCHO + 4NH₃ → (CH₂)6N₄ + 6H₂O

甲醛的用途，CH ₂ O

1. 甲醛 CH ₂ O 在食品工业中用作各种包装食品中的防腐剂，稀释量非常小。
2. 甲醛 CH ₂ O 用于生产树脂，主要是脲醛和苯酚甲醛，用于制造铸造厂的型芯和模具。
3. 甲醛 CH ₂ O 以非常低的浓度用作防腐溶液，因为它具有抗菌和抗真菌的特性。它还用于农业和医药，用作消毒剂、杀菌剂、熏蒸剂和防腐剂。
4. 甲醛 CH ₂ O 用于生产多种产品，尤其是建筑材料。
5. 甲醛 CH ₂ O 是用于制造 RDX 的成分之一。

概念问题

问题一：甲醛为什么是好的防腐剂？

回答：

It is widely used as a preservative because it is a combination of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, due its anti-bacterial properties. 

问题2：甲醛的分子量和密度是多少？

回答：

1. The molecular weight of formaldehyde is 30.031 g/mol
2. The density of formaldehyde is 815 kg/m³

问题3：甲醛对健康有害吗？

回答：

It is a very toxic gas and its solution is highly volatile and together with the gas is very poisonous for the human. High exposure may cause cancer, it gives irritation to eyes, nose, etc. There is a high risk of explosion when its heated. It is highly flammable.

问题四：疫苗中甲醛有什么用？

回答：

Formaldehyde in vaccine used in producing some bacterial and viral vaccines, it is successfully used in the production of polio vaccine and to detoxify bactorial toxins. Formaldehyde CH₂O is used as an antiseptic solution in very small concentrations because it possesses anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. It is also used in agriculture and medicine where it is used as a disinfectant, fungicide, fumigant and preservatives.

问题5：甲醛是怎么产生的？

回答：

Formaldehyde (CH₂O), an organic compound, which is also known as methanol, the simplest of the aldehydes, It is also used in large quantities in a number of processes of chemical processing.

It is primarily formed by methanol vapor-phase oxidation, and is commonly sold as formalin, an aqueous solution of 37 percent.

问题6：甲醛可溶吗？以及如何将甲酸转化为甲醛？

回答：

Yes Formaldehyde is soluble in water and acetone . 

The formic acid is converted to formaldehyde Upon the addition of hydrogen, so that formaldehyde is more easily oxidized into formic acid by ambient oxygen. Formic acid has ability to be miscible with water and Its most organic solvents with polarity.