柠檬酸配方——结构、性质、用途、示例问题
柠檬酸是一种强有机化合物，但化学式为C 6 H 8 O 7的弱有机酸。柠檬酸以两种形式存在——一水合物或无水（无水）。这种酸通常存在于各种蔬菜和水果中，如柠檬、橙子、番茄中的柠檬酸含量较高。它也被称为三元酸。
柠檬酸
柠檬酸无臭，味酸，呈白色结晶固体。它具有单斜晶体结构。这种酸在 1784 年由化学家 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 首次分离出来。不知何故，它与食盐相似，在市场上以酸盐的形式出售。
柠檬酸配方
Citric acid can be defined as a tricarboxylic acid, i.e., propane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid with a hydroxy substituent at position C–2.
柠檬酸通常天然存在于柑橘类水果中。在这种生物化学中，它被称为参与柠檬酸循环的中间原因，柠檬酸循环发生或发现于所有需氧生物的新陈代谢中。你可以在柠檬和酸橙等柑橘类水果中品尝到它们的存在，这些水果含有大量的柠檬酸。柠檬酸可占水果总干重的 8%。
柠檬酸的结构
Molecular Formula = C6H8O7 and its IUPAC name = 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic acid
The Simplified molecular-input line-entry system= OC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
柠檬酸的结构
柠檬酸的物理性质Chemical Formula of Citric acid C6H8O7 Extended Formula of citric acid HOC(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2 Molar Mass / Molecular Weight 192.124gmol–1 Density of Citric acid 1.665gcm–3 Boiling Point of Citric acid 310°C Melting Point of Citric acid 153°C Solubility of Citric acid Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, acetone.
柠檬酸的用途
- 柠檬酸主要用于软饮料、果汁等食品和饮料中。它赋予它们浓郁的柑橘味。柠檬酸被广泛用作调味剂。
- 它可作为食品防腐剂，因为其酸性 pH 值可抑制食物上许多细菌的生长，从而防止它们变质。柠檬酸会降低 pH 值，使冷冻食品中的氧化酶失去活性，
- 柠檬酸用于制造肥皂和洗涤剂以软化其碱性 pH 值。
- 它还用于许多化妆品中作为防腐剂，以保持酸碱 pH 平衡。它可用于化妆品中去除死皮，还可以减少皱纹并改善肤色。
- 柠檬酸通过螯合血液中的钙而起到抗凝剂的作用，也可用作酸化剂来控制 pH 值。
- 在骨质疏松症等疾病中，柠檬皮作为柠檬酸的来源，可用于改善骨骼健康，因为它们含有大量的钙和维生素 C，有助于维持骨骼。
- 柠檬酸在制药工业中用作储存血液的防腐剂。
- 柠檬酸被一些制冰公司用作乳化剂，以抑制脂肪球作为乳化剂。
- 柠檬酸在焦糖中用于蔗糖结晶。
概念问题
问题1：确定柠檬酸是碱性的还是酸性的？
回答：
Citric Acid is a strong organic compound but weak organic acid with a chemical formula C6H8O7. It is an acidic compound because It turns blue litmus paper to red. It is a weak organic acid.
问题2：柠檬酸有一些副作用吗？
回答：
Citric acid is good for the health but excessive exposure to citric acid may lead to tooth decay, acidic stomach, numbness, muscle twitching or cramps .
It also shows rapid weight gain or swelling in the body, fast or slow heart rate, sudden mood changes, diarrhoea, convulsions are other associated side effects caused due to overdose of citric acid.
问题3：柠檬酸溶液如何配制？
回答：
Combine citric acid crystals (sometimes referred to as sour salt) can be prepared with 1 or 2 points of distilled boiling water per pound of citric acid to form the citric acid solution. After that, put the crystals of citric acid in a non-metal bowl and gradually pour the boiling water into the bowl, stirring with a non-metal spoon.
问题4：身体能吸收柠檬酸吗？
回答：
The guts absorb citric acid after oral administration and It also enhances the bioavailability of minerals and helps the body to absorb them efficiently.
问题5：柠檬酸的替代品有哪些？
回答：
The substitute of citric acid is found in every household and it is lemon juice. Another substitute is tartaric acid .
问题6：柠檬酸的沸点和熔点是多少？
回答：
- The boiling point of citric acid is 310°C
- The melting point is 153°C
问题7：为什么柠檬酸用作消毒剂？
回答：
It is used as disinfectant because It is helpful for the general disinfection and cleaning because it kills bacteria, mould, and mildew. It is also used in removing hard water stains or soap scum etc and also used as preservative.