氢氧化钡配方 - 结构、性质、用途、示例问题
氢氧化钡是钡、氢、氧元素的组成。钡是一种柔软的银色碱土金属，存在于元素周期表的第 2 族中。它的化学反应性非常高。因此，它在自然界中从未作为自由元素被发现。它用于冶金，其化合物用于石油生产和放射学。氢是元素周期表中第一个原子序数为 1 的元素。它是无色、无臭、无味的气体。氧气是一种高反应性的非金属和氧化剂，可与许多元素/化合物形成氧化物。
氢氧化钡
氢氧化钡的化学式是 Ba(OH) 2 。氢氧化钡是一种透明的白色粉末，没有气味，性质上有毒。氢氧化钡由氧化钡和水组成。元素钡的主要化合物之一是它的一水合物，也称为钡。所以氢氧化钡也被称为重晶石。氢氧化钡还有其他名称，如二氢氧化钡和苛性钡。它本质上是离子的，即在水溶液中，每个分子提供两个氢氧根离子。
氢氧化钡结构式
氢氧化钡的性质 Chemical Formula BaH2O2 Odor Odorless Appearance White Powder Solubility Slightly soluble in cold water Molar mass 171.34 g/mol Melting Point 78° C Boiling Point 780° C Density 3.74 g/cm3 when it is in the monohydrate form 2.18 g/cm3 when it is in octahydrate form pH 11.27
氢氧化钡的用途
- 氢氧化钡在实验室中用于测量弱酸的浓度。
- 氢氧化钡用于污水处理。
- 它用于制造玻璃、钡皂和油脂。
示例问题
问题一：氢氧化钡是如何制备的？
回答：
Barium Hydroxide is prepared by dissolving barium oxide with water to give octahydrate from of barium hydroxide which is heated to form monohydrate hydroxide. The equation of this is given by,
BaO + 9H2O —> Ba(OH)2.8H2O
问题2：氢氧化钡是安全的还是危险的？
回答：
Barium Hydroxide is not safe as per the below reasons.
- Barium Hydroxide damages skin and eyes due to corrosive nature.
- Inhalation of the Barium Hydroxide for a long period will cause respiratory problems.
问题3：氢氧化钡加热会发生什么？
回答：
When barium hydroxide is heated at 800oC it decomposes to give barium oxide. This Barium Oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to give Barium Carbonate. When ammonium salts react with barium hydroxide, the reaction is extremely endothermic.
问题4：什么是吸热反应？
回答：
When compounds draw heat from nature/surroundings to react, those reactions are called as Endothermic reactions. The reaction between Barium Hydroxide and ammonium chloride is an endothermic reaction which results in sharp decrease in temperature.
问题5：什么是氢氧化钡？
回答：
The chemical formula for Barium Hydroxide is Ba(OH)2. It is a clear white, solid and granular powder with no smell and is poisonous in nature. Some hazards are created because of barium hydroxide, such as, skin irritation, eye damage, etc.
问题6：氢氧化钡是离子的吗？
回答：
Yes. In original form, Barium Hydroxide is ionic. Barium Hydroxide is made up of Ba2+ cation and OH– anion. So in this form it can’t be neutralized. In order to neutralize it, the number of OH– ions are increased to two times.