以给定顺序插入 n 叉树和级别顺序遍历
给定一组父节点,其中数组的索引是每个 Node 值的子节点,任务是将节点插入为森林(多棵树组合在一起),其中每个父节点可能有两个以上的子节点。插入节点后,以排序格式打印每个级别。
例子:
Input: arr[] = {5, 3, -1, 2, 5, 3}
Output:
-1
2
3
1 5
Input: arr[] = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 1}
Output:
-1
0 1 2 3 4
5
下面是对上述例子的解释:
- 示例 1:
- 在这个给定的数组中,数组的元素将是父节点,数组索引将是子节点。
- 最初,我们将森林的根设置为 -1 以供参考。
- 现在在遍历数组时,我们将节点插入到森林结构中。
- 最初,我们识别森林中单棵树的根,并将它们插入到森林的根中。
- -1 的索引是 2。打印 -1 并附加 2 作为子节点。
- 现在在列表中搜索列表值 2。索引 3 的值为 2。因此 3 成为 2 的子项。
- 现在值为 3 的索引是 1 和 5。所以 1 和 5 是 3 的孩子。
- 该列表不包含 1,因此忽略 1。
- 包含 5 的索引是 0 和 4。所以它们成为孩子。
- 在这个给定的数组中,数组的元素将是父节点,数组索引将是子节点。
-1 ---------- root of the forest
/
2 ---------- level (0)
/
3 ---------- level (1)
/ \
1 5 ---------- level (2)
/ \
0 4 ---------- level (3)
Note: level (0) contains roots of each tree
- 示例 2:
- 在这种情况下,树的格式为
-1 -------- root of the forest
/ | | | \
0 1 2 3 4 -------- level (0)
|
5 -------- level (1)
Note: level (0) contains roots of each tree
先决条件:水平顺序遍历。
方法:这个想法是在树中递归地插入节点。但是树结构完全不同,通常在二叉树的情况下,任何节点最多有两个子节点,但在这种情况下,根节点可以有N个子节点。'-1' 被认为是root 和根的索引将被视为子节点。
例子:
如果 -1 存在于索引 3 中,则 3 将是 -1 的子节点。
-1
/
3
将 -1 插入队列。现在,如果根为空,则 -1 节点成为根。现在将 -1 的子节点出列并排队。创建节点并将它们附加到根。继续此操作,直到所有子节点都已插入。
Level order Traversal:
-1
3 5
2 4 6 9
The output for level order traversal will be: -1 3 5 2 4 6 9
按级别顺序遍历遵循相同的入队和出队方法。
下面是上述方法的实现:
C++
// C++ implementation of the approach
#include
using namespace std;
// Node creation
class Node
{
public:
int val;
// Since n children are possible for a root.
// A list created to store all the children.
vector child;
// Constructor
Node(int data) : val(data) {}
};
// Function to insert
void insert(Node *root, int parent, Node *node)
{
// Root is empty then the node wil
// l become the root
if (!root)
{
root = node;
}
else
{
if (root->val == parent)
{
root->child.push_back(node);
}
else
{
// Recursive approach to
// insert the child
int l = root->child.size();
for(int i = 0; i < l; i++)
{
if (root->child[i]->val == parent)
insert(root->child[i], parent, node);
else
insert(root->child[i], parent, node);
}
}
}
}
// Function to perform level order traversal
void levelorder(vector &prev_level)
{
vector cur_level;
vector print_data;
int l = prev_level.size();
if (l == 0)
{
exit(0);
}
for(int i = 0; i < l; i++)
{
int prev_level_len = prev_level[i]->child.size();
for(int j = 0; j < prev_level_len; j++)
{
// enqueue all the children
// into cur_level list
cur_level.push_back(prev_level[i]->child[j]);
// Copies the entire cur_level
// list into prev_level
print_data.push_back(prev_level[i]->child[j]->val);
}
}
prev_level = cur_level;
for(auto i : print_data)
{
cout << i << " ";
}
levelorder(prev_level);
}
// Function that calls levelorder method to
// perform level order traversal
void levelorder_root(Node *root)
{
if (root)
{
vector level;
level.push_back(root);
printf("%d\n", root->val);
levelorder(level);
}
}
// Driver code
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
// -1 is the root element
int arr[] = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
Node *root = new Node(-1);
int l = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int);
vector que;
// Inserting root element to the queue
que.push_back(-1);
while (true)
{
vector temp;
for(int i = 0; i < l; i++)
{
if (find(que.begin(),
que.end(), arr[i]) != que.end())
{
// Insert elements into the tree
insert(root, arr[i], new Node(i));
temp.push_back(i);
}
}
// Append child nodes into the queue
// and insert the child
que = temp;
if (que.size() == 0)
{
break;
}
}
levelorder_root(root);
}
// This code is contributed by sanjeev2552
Python3
# Python3 implementation of the approach
# Node creation
class Node:
# Constructor
def __init__(self, data):
self.val = data
# Since n children are possible for a root.
# A list created to store all the children.
self.child = []
# Function to insert
def insert(root, parent, node):
# Root is empty then the node will become the root
if root is None:
root = node
else:
if root.val == parent:
root.child.append(node)
else:
# Recursive approach to
# insert the child
l = len(root.child)
for i in range(l):
if root.child[i].val == parent:
insert(root.child[i], parent, node)
else:
insert(root.child[i], parent, node)
# Function that calls levelorder method to
# perform level order traversal
def levelorder_root(root):
if root:
level = []
level.append(root)
print(root.val)
levelorder(level)
# Function to perform level order traversal
def levelorder(prev_level):
cur_level = []
print_data = []
l = len(prev_level)
if l == 0:
exit()
for i in range(l):
prev_level_len = len(prev_level[i].child)
for j in range(prev_level_len):
# enqueue all the children
# into cur_level list
cur_level.append(
prev_level[i].child[j])
# Copies the entire cur_level
# list into prev_level
print_data.append(
prev_level[i].child[j].val)
prev_level = cur_level[:]
print(*print_data)
levelorder(prev_level)
# Driver code
# -1 is the root element
arr = [-1, -1, -1, -1, -1]
root = Node(-1)
l = len(arr)
que = []
# Inserting root element to the queue
que.append(-1)
while 1:
temp = []
for i in range(l):
if arr[i] in que:
# Insert elements into the tree
insert(root, arr[i], Node(i))
temp.append(i)
# Append child nodes into the queue
# and insert the child
que = temp[:]
if len(que)== 0:
break
levelorder_root(root)
输出:
-1
0 1 2 3 4
时间复杂度: O(N^2)。
辅助空间:O(N)。