如果矩形的长度减少 5%,宽度增加 5%,则求该区域的百分比变化
测量是与几何相关的数学分支,它涉及在标准派生公式的帮助下测量、分析和计算几何形状的参数。测量处理的几何形状参数有面积、体积、侧表面积、总表面积等。测量涉及二维和三维形状参数的计算。
- 2D(二维)形状是具有长度和宽度两个维度的几何图形。它们不处理对象的厚度或高度,因为它们表示在平面上。
- 3D(三维)形状是具有高度、宽度和深度三个维度的几何图形。这些类型的物体是在真实环境中发现的。
给定的文章在测量主题下进行了详细讨论,解释了其子主题和用于根据形状计算各种参数的标准公式。本文还包括数学问题及其解决方案,以便更好地理解计算过程。
测量标准公式
测量及其计算是在一些标准设置公式的帮助下进行的。每个形状都有自己的公式,用于根据其尺寸确定不同的参数,如面积、体积、表面积等。下表给出了一些不同形状的公式。 Perimeter = 2(l + b) Area = l x b Area = (side)2 Perimeter = 4 x side Diameter = 2 x radius Area = π x (radius)2 Volume = (side)3 Lateral surface area = 4 x (side)2 Total surface area = 6 x (side)2 Volume = l x b x h Lateral surface area = 2 x height(l + b) Total surface area = 2(lb + bh + lh) Volume = 4/3πr3 Surface area = 4πr2 Volume = 1/3πr2h Total surface area = πr(l + radius)Shapes Formulas Rectangle Square Circle Triangle Area = 1/2 b x h Cube Cuboid Sphere Cone
长方形
矩形是具有四个封闭边的几何形状。矩形的对边相等且相互平行。在一个矩形中,每对相邻的边形成一个 90 度的内角,并且对角线相互平分。
矩形的属性
作为几何形状的矩形具有许多属性,其中一些是:
- 一个长方形有四个边。
- 矩形的对边总是平行且彼此相等。
- 每对相邻边形成一个测量为 90 度的内角。
- 一个长方形所有内角的和等于360度。
- 它的对角线长度相等并且相互平分。
- 由于矩形的边是平行的,所以它被认为是一个内角为 90 度的平行四边形。
如果矩形的长度减少 5%,宽度增加 5%,则求该区域的百分比变化
解决方案:
Let us assume that x and y be the length and breadth.
Here, the original area of the rectangle by the area formula of the rectangle will be
Area of rectangle(A) = l x b
Area of given rectangle = xy
Now, according to the question the length of given rectangle is reduced by 5%, and the new length will be
=> x – 5/100x
=> x(1 – 5/100)
=> x(100 – 5/100)
=> 95x/100
=> 0.95x
Then, the breadth of given rectangle is increased by 5% and the new breadth will be
=> y + 5/100y
=> y(1 + 5/100)
=> y(100 + 5/100)
=> 105y/100
=> 1.05y
The new area of rectangle will be = 0.95x x 1.05y = 0.9975xy
The decrease in area of rectangle = xy – 0.9975xy = 0.0025xy
Now, as per the question,
Decrease in percentage of the area of rectangle = 0.0025xy/xy x 100
= 0.25%
示例问题
问题 1. 当长方形的长度增加 5%,宽度增加 10% 时,面积会增加百分之几。
解决方案:
Let us assume that x and y be the length and breadth.
The area of a rectangle by the standard formula will be
=> area of rectangle(A)= xy
According to the question,
Length of rectangle is increased by 5% = x + 5/100x
=> x + 5/100x
=> x(1 + 5/100)
=> 105/100x
=> 1.05x
Breadth of rectangle is increased by 10%=y+10/100y
=> y + 10/100y
=> y(1 + 10/100)
=> 110/100y
=> 1.1y
Now, the new area of rectangle will be = 1.05x x 1.1y = 1.155xy
And, increase in area of rectangle = 1.155xy – xy = 0.155xy
Increase in percentage of area of rectangle = 0.155xy/xy x 100%
= 15.5%
问题 2. 如果矩形的长度减少 40%,宽度必须增加百分之几才能保持原来的面积?
解决方案:
Let us assume x and y represent the length and breadth of the rectangle
As we know the original area of the rectangle is:
Area of rectangle(A) = l × b
Area of given rectangle = xy
According to the question, the length of the rectangle is reduced by 20%.
So, the new length would be
=> x – 20/100x
=> x(1 – 1/5)
=> 4/5x
Here, k% represents the increase in breadth
=> y + k / 100y
=> y(1 + k / 100)
It is given that the original and new area needs to be same.So,
=> Original area = new area
=> xy = (4/5) x (1 + k/100)y
=> 1 = (4/5)(100 + k/100)
=> 100 + k/100 = 5/4
=> 100 + k = 125
=> k = 125 – 100
=> k = 25
Hence, the breadth needs to be increased by 25% to maintain the original area.
问题 3. 如果一个长方形的长度是它的宽度的三倍,它的周长是 80m,那么求它的长和宽。
解决方案:
Let us assume that the breadth of the rectangle be x
According to the question the length is double the value of breadth. Hence it will be 3x
perimeter(P) = 80cm
Now, by the formula,
Perimeter of rectangle(P) = 2(l + b)
=> 80 = 2(x + 3x)
=> 80 = 2.4x
=> x = 80/8
=> x = 10cm
=> 3x = 3 x 10 = 30cm
Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangle are 30cm and 10cm respectively.