Python Arcade – 添加敌人

在本文中，我们将学习如何在街机中添加敌人。

添加敌人

要将敌人添加到我们的游戏中，我们将按照以下步骤操作：

• 首先，我们将创建一个变量来存储敌人的精灵。

句法：

self.enemy = None

• 之后，我们将再创建一个变量来存储敌人的速度。

句法：

self.enemy_move = velocity

• 将我们的敌人精灵存储在敌人变量中。

句法：

self.enemy = arcade.Sprite("path",1)

• 设置初始坐标。

句法：

self.enemy.center_x = value
self.enemy.center_y = value

• 在场景中添加敌人的精灵。

句法：

self.scene.add_sprite("Enemy", self.enemy)

• 通过改变 x 坐标移动敌人。

句法：

self.enemy.center_x += self.enemy_move

• 检查玩家和敌人之间的碰撞。

句法：

enemy_collide = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(

            self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list(“Enemy”)

        )

• 如果它们发生碰撞，则移除玩家精灵。

句法：

for enemy in enemy_collide:

      self.player_sprite.remove_from_sprite_lists()

使用的功能：

• draw_text()：该函数用于使用 Pyglet 的标签在屏幕上绘制文本。

Syntax: arcade.draw_text(text, x, y, color, size, width, align, font_name)

Parameters:

text: Text we want to display

x : x coordinate

y : y coordinate

color : color of the text

size : Size of the font

width : Width of the text

align : Alignment of the text

font_name : Name of the font

• Camera()： Camera 类用于控制可见视口。

Syntax: arcade.Camera( width , height, window)

Parameters:

width: width of the viewport

height: height of the viewport

window: Window to associate with this camera

• Scene()：表示场景对象的类。

Syntax: arcade.Scene(sprite_lists , name_mapping)

Parameters:

sprite_lists: A list of SpriteList objects

name_mapping: A dictionary of SpriteList objects

• PhysicsEnginePlatformer()：简单的物理引擎，用于平台。

Syntax: arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer( player_sprite , platforms, gravity, ladders)

Parameters:

player_sprite: sprite of the player

platforms: The sprites it can’t move through

gravity: Downward acceleration per frame

ladders: Ladders the user can climb on

使用的精灵：

平台

播放器

敌人

在下面的示例中，我们将创建一个 MainGame() 类。首先在这个类中，我们将初始化一些变量，用于速度、相机、分数、等级、敌人、敌人精灵和玩家的精灵，然后我们将在这个类中创建 6 个函数。

• on_draw()：在这个函数中，我们将使用我们的相机在屏幕上绘制场景和我们的分数文本。
• setup()：在这个函数中，我们将初始化我们的相机和场景对象，然后我们将加载我们的玩家和平台的精灵，然后我们将加载我们的敌人精灵并初始化起始 x 和 y 坐标。之后，我们将调用 PhysicsEnginePlatformer()函数。
• on_update()：在这个函数中，我们将更新玩家的精灵、相机和物理引擎的 x 坐标。我们还将在敌人精灵的 x 坐标中添加我们的enemy_move 变量。然后我们将检查敌人和玩家之间的碰撞。如果玩家与敌人发生碰撞，那么我们将移除玩家精灵。
• on_key_press() 和 on_key_release()：在这个函数中，我们将根据按下或释放的键盘键来改变速度变量的值。
• camera_move()：在这个函数中，我们将根据玩家当前的位置移动我们的相机。

示例：添加敌人

Python3

# Importing arcade module
import arcade
  
# Creating MainGame class
class MainGame(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(600, 600,
                         title="Player Movement")
  
        # Initializing a variable to store
        # the velocity of the player
        self.vel_x = 0
  
        # Creating variable for Camera
        self.camera = None
  
        # Creating variable to store current score
        self.score = 0
  
        # Creating variable to move the enemy
        self.enemy_move = 5
  
        # Creating variable for enemy sprite
        self.enemy = None
  
        # Creating scene object
        self.scene = None
  
        # Creating variable to store player sprite
        self.player = None
  
        # Creating variable for our game engine
        self.physics_engine = None
  
    # Creating on_draw() function to draw on the screen
    def on_draw(self):
        arcade.start_render()
  
        # Drawing the text
        arcade.draw_text('Score :- '+str(self.score), 
                         self.player_sprite.center_x - 500 / 2,
                         self.player_sprite.center_y + 200,
                         arcade.color.WHITE, 30, 5000, 'left')
  
        # Using the camera
        self.camera.use()
          
        # Drawing our scene
        self.scene.draw()
  
    def setup(self):
         # Initialize Scene object
        self.scene = arcade.Scene()
          
        # Using Camera() function
        self.camera = arcade.Camera(600, 600)
  
        # Loading enemy sprite
        self.enemy = arcade.Sprite("Enemy.png", 1)
  
        # Initializing the starting coordinates
        self.enemy.center_x = 500
        self.enemy.center_y = 110
  
        # Adding the enemy sprite in the scene
        self.scene.add_sprite("Enemy", self.enemy)
  
        # Creating different sprite lists
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Platforms",
                                   use_spatial_hash=True)
  
        # Adding player sprite
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite("Player.png", 1)
  
        # Adding coordinates for the center of the sprite
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 64
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 90
  
        # Adding Sprite in our scene
        self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)
  
        # Adding platform sprite according to level
        platform = arcade.Sprite(f"Platform.png", 1)
          
        # Adding coordinates for the center of the platform
        platform.center_x = 300
        platform.center_y = 32
        self.scene.add_sprite("Platforms", platform)
  
        # Creating Physics engine
        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
            self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Platforms"), 0.5
        )
  
    # Creating on_update function to
    # update the x coordinate
    def on_update(self, delta_time):
  
        # Moving the position of enemy
        self.enemy.center_x += self.enemy_move
  
        # Changing the direction of enemy movement
        if self.enemy.center_x > 500 or self.enemy.center_x < 160:
            self.enemy_move *= -1
  
        # Checking if the enemy is colliding with player or not
        enemy_collide = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
            self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Enemy")
        )
  
        # Looping through each enemy and removing the player
        # if colliding
        for enemy in enemy_collide:
            # Remove the coin
            self.player_sprite.remove_from_sprite_lists()
  
        # Changing x coordinate of player
        self.player_sprite.center_x += self.vel_x * delta_time
          
        # Updating the physics engine to move the player
        self.physics_engine.update()
  
        # Calling the camera_move function
        self.camera_move()
  
    # Creating function to change the velocity
    # when button is pressed
    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifier):
  
        # Checking the button pressed
        # and changing the value of velocity
        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.vel_x = -300
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.vel_x = 300
        elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
            if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
                self.player_sprite.change_y = 15
  
    # Creating function to change the velocity
    # when button is released
    def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifier):
  
        # Checking the button released
        # and changing the value of velocity
        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.vel_x = 0
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.vel_x = 0
  
    def camera_move(self):
  
        # Getting the x coordinate for the center of camera
        screen_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - \
            (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
  
        # Getting the y coordinate for the center of camera
        screen_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - \
            (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)
  
        # Moving the camera
        self.camera.move_to([screen_x, screen_y])
  
  
# Calling MainGame class
game = MainGame()
game.setup()
arcade.run()

输出：

杀死敌人

现在我们想在玩家跳到敌人上面时杀死它。为此，我们将检查底部的其他玩家是否等于敌人的顶部。如果它相等，那么我们将删除图层精灵。

• 首先，我们将玩家底部的坐标存储在一个变量中。

句法：

x = int(self.player_sprite.center_y – 14)

• 同样，敌人顶部的坐标在不同的变量中。

句法：

y = int(self.enemy.center_y + 25)

• 然后，如果 x 和 y 相等并且敌人和玩家发生碰撞，那么我们将移除敌人的精灵。

句法：

if x == y:

  self.enemy.remove_from_sprite_lists()

示例：使用 Arcade 杀死敌人

蟒蛇3

# Importing arcade module
import arcade
  
# Creating MainGame class
class MainGame(arcade.Window):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(600, 600,
                         title="Player Movement")
  
        # Initializing a variable to store
        # the velocity of the player
        self.vel_x = 0
  
        # Creating variable for Camera
        self.camera = None
  
        # Creating variable to store current score
        self.score = 0
  
        # Creating variable to move the enemy
        self.enemy_move = 2
  
        # Creating variable for enemy sprite
        self.enemy = None
  
        # Creating scene object
        self.scene = None
  
        # Creating variable to store player sprite
        self.player = None
  
        # Creating variable for our game engine
        self.physics_engine = None
  
    # Creating on_draw() function to draw on the screen
    def on_draw(self):
        arcade.start_render()
  
        # Drawing the text
        arcade.draw_text('Score :- '+str(self.score), 
                         self.player_sprite.center_x - 500 / 2,
                         self.player_sprite.center_y + 200,
                         arcade.color.WHITE, 30, 5000, 'left')
  
        # Using the camera
        self.camera.use()
          
        # Drawing our scene
        self.scene.draw()
  
    def setup(self):
        
         # Initialize Scene object
        self.scene = arcade.Scene()
          
        # Using Camera() function
        self.camera = arcade.Camera(600, 600)
  
        # Loading enemy sprite
        self.enemy = arcade.Sprite("Enemy.png", 1)
  
        # Initializing the starting coordinates
        self.enemy.center_x = 500
        self.enemy.center_y = 110
  
        # Adding the enemy sprite in the scene
        self.scene.add_sprite("Enemy", self.enemy)
  
        # Creating different sprite lists
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Player")
        self.scene.add_sprite_list("Platforms",
                                   use_spatial_hash=True)
  
        # Adding player sprite
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite("Player.png", 1)
  
        # Adding coordinates for the center of the sprite
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 64
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 90
  
        # Adding Sprite in our scene
        self.scene.add_sprite("Player", self.player_sprite)
  
        # Adding platform sprite according to level
        platform = arcade.Sprite(f"Platform.png", 1)
          
        # Adding coordinates for the center of the platform
        platform.center_x = 300
        platform.center_y = 32
        self.scene.add_sprite("Platforms", platform)
  
        # Creating Physics engine
        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEnginePlatformer(
            self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Platforms"), 0.5
        )
  
    # Creating on_update function to
    # update the x coordinate
  
    def on_update(self, delta_time):
  
        # Moving the position of enemy
        self.enemy.center_x += self.enemy_move
  
        # Changing the direction of enemy movement
        if self.enemy.center_x > 500 or self.enemy.center_x < 160:
            self.enemy_move *= -1
  
        # Checking if the enemy is colliding with player or not
        enemy_collide = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(
            self.player_sprite, self.scene.get_sprite_list("Enemy")
        )
  
        # Looping through each enemy and removing the player if colliding
        for enemy in enemy_collide:
  
            # Checking the top of enemy and bottom of player
            x = int(self.player_sprite.center_y - 14)
            y = int(self.enemy.center_y + 25)
            if x == y:
                self.enemy.remove_from_sprite_lists()
            else:
                # Remove the coin
                self.player_sprite.remove_from_sprite_lists()
  
        # Changing x coordinate of player
        self.player_sprite.center_x += self.vel_x * delta_time
          
        # Updating the physics engine to move the player
        self.physics_engine.update()
  
        # Calling the camera_move function
        self.camera_move()
  
    # Creating function to change the velocity
    # when button is pressed
    def on_key_press(self, symbol, modifier):
  
        # Checking the button pressed
        # and changing the value of velocity
        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.vel_x = -300
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.vel_x = 300
        elif symbol == arcade.key.UP:
            if self.physics_engine.can_jump():
                self.player_sprite.change_y = 15
  
    # Creating function to change the velocity
    # when button is released
    def on_key_release(self, symbol, modifier):
  
        # Checking the button released
        # and changing the value of velocity
        if symbol == arcade.key.LEFT:
            self.vel_x = 0
        elif symbol == arcade.key.RIGHT:
            self.vel_x = 0
  
    def camera_move(self):
  
        # Getting the x coordinate for the center of camera
        screen_x = self.player_sprite.center_x - \
            (self.camera.viewport_width / 2)
  
        # Getting the y coordinate for the center of camera
        screen_y = self.player_sprite.center_y - \
            (self.camera.viewport_height / 2)
  
        # Moving the camera
        self.camera.move_to([screen_x, screen_y])
  
  
# Calling MainGame class
game = MainGame()
game.setup()
arcade.run()

输出：