如何证明 sec²θ + csc²θ = sec²θ × csc²θ?
三角学是对三角形和三角函数性质的研究。它在工程、科学、构建视频游戏等方面得到了广泛的应用。它处理直角三角形的边与其角度之间的比率之间的关系。这些用于研究这种关系的比率称为三角比率。
三角比
有六个基本的三角比建立直角三角形的边与角度之间的相互关系。如果θ是底边和斜边所成的角,在一个直角三角形中(如上图所示),那么
sin(θ) = 垂直/斜边
cos(θ) = 底边/斜边
tan(θ) = 垂直/底
其他三个函数cosec(θ)、sec(θ)、cot(θ) 的值分别取决于 sin(θ)、cos(θ)、tan(θ)。
cot (θ) = 1/tan (θ) = 底/垂直
sec (θ) = 1/cos (θ) = 斜边/底
cosec (θ) = 1/sin (θ) = 斜边/垂直
三角恒等式
对于定义它的输入变量的每个可行值都成立的三角方程称为三角恒等式。我们熟悉的一种身份是毕达哥拉斯身份,
正弦2 θ + 余弦2 θ = 1
用余弦平方除毕达哥拉斯恒等式的两边,这是允许的,然后,
[cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ]/cos 2 θ = 1/cos 2 θ
cos 2 θ/cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ/cos 2 θ = 1/cos 2 θ
1 + sin 2 θ/cos 2 θ = 1/cos 2 θ
(使用定义 tanθ = sinθ/cosθ)
1 + tan 2 θ = 1/cos 2 θ
(使用定义 secθ = 1/cosθ)
1 + tan 2 θ = 秒2 θ
因此,下一个三角恒等式是,
1 + tan 2 θ = 秒2 θ
同样,如果将毕达哥拉斯恒等式的两边除以正弦平方,则我们得到最后一个恒等式,
婴儿床2 θ + 1 = cosec 2 θ
如何证明 sec 2 θ + csc 2 θ = sec 2 θ × csc 2 θ?
证明:
为了解决上述问题,我们需要以下指定的三角恒等式和比率:
sec(θ) = 1/cos(θ) 和 cosec(θ) = 1/sin(θ) ⇢ Eq. 1
sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ =1 ⇢ Eq. 2
秒2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ ⇢ 方程式。 3
cosec 2 θ = 1+ 婴儿床2 θ ⇢ 方程式。 4
有两种方法可以解决这个问题
1. 用恒等式证明 LHS = RHS
LHS = sec2(θ) + cosec2(θ)
=(1+ tan2θ) + (1+cosec2θ) (from 3 and 4)
=2 + tan2θ + cosec2θ
RHS= sec2θ × cosec2θ
=(1+tan2θ) × (1+cot2θ)
=2 + tan2θ + cot2θ
Therefore, LHS = RHS.
2. 通过使用三角比
LHS= sec2θ + cosec2θ
(from 1), [1/cos2θ ] + [1/sin2θ]
= [sin2θ + cos2θ] / [cos2θ × sin2θ]
(from 2), 1/[cos2θ × sin2θ]
= sec2θ × cosec2θ = RHS
因此,给定的三角方程可以通过上述两种方式求解
因此,sec 2 (θ) + cosec 2 (θ) = sec 2 (θ) × cosec 2 (θ)。
类似问题
问题 1:证明,tan 4 (θ) + tan 2 (θ) = sec 4 (θ) – sec 2 (θ) [提示:以 tan 2 (θ) 为常见]
解决方案:
LHS= tan4θ + tan2θ = tan2θ (tan2θ + 1)
= (sec2θ – 1) (tan2θ + 1) {since, tan2θ = sec2θ – 1}
=(sec2θ – 1) sec2θ {since, tan2θ + 1 = sec2θ}
=sec4(θ) – sec2(θ) = RHS
Hence proved.
问题 2:证明,cos θ / [(1 – tan θ)] + sin θ / [(1 – cot θ)] = sin θ + cos θ
解决方案:
LHS = cos θ / [(1 – tan θ)] + sin θ / [(1 – cot θ)]
=cos θ / [1 – (sin θ/cos θ)] + sin θ/[1 – (cos θ/sin θ)]
= cos θ / [(cos θ – sin θ/cos θ] + sin θ / [(sin θ – cos θ/sin θ)]
= cos2θ/(cos θ – sin θ) + sin2θ/(cos θ – sin θ)
= (cos2θ – sin2θ)/(cos θ – sin θ)
= [(cos θ + sin θ)(cos θ – sin θ)] / (cos θ – sin θ)
= (cos θ + sin θ) = RHS
Hence proved.
问题 3:证明,(tan θ + sec θ – 1)/(tan θ – sec θ + 1) = (1 + sin θ) × sec θ
解决方案:
LHS = (tan θ + sec θ – 1)/(tan θ – sec θ + 1)
= [(tan θ + sec θ) – (sec2θ – tan2θ)]/(tan θ – sec θ + 1) [ sec2θ – tan2θ = 1]
= [ (tan θ + sec θ) – (sec θ + tan θ) (sec θ – tan θ)] / (tan θ – sec θ + 1)
= [ (tan θ + sec θ) × (1 – sec θ + tan θ)] / (tan θ – sec θ + 1)
= [(tan θ + sec θ) × (tan θ – sec θ + 1)] / (tan θ – sec θ + 1)
= (tan θ + sec θ)
= (sin θ/cos θ) + (1/cos θ)
= (sin θ + 1) / cos θ
= (1 + sin θ) × secθ = RHS ; Hence proved.
问题4: = cosec θ – cot θ [提示:分子和分母乘以 (sec θ – 1)]
解决方案:
LHS =
= (multiply numerator and denominator by (sec θ – 1))
=
=√[(sec θ -1)2 / tan2θ ] {sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ ⇢ sec2θ – 1 = tan2θ}
= (sec θ – 1) / tan θ
= (sec θ/tan θ) – (1/tan θ)
= [(1/cos θ) / (sin θ/cos θ)] – cot θ
= [(1/cos θ) × (cos θ/sin θ)] – cot θ
= (1/sin θ) – cot θ
= cosec θ – cot θ = RHS, Hence proved.
问题5:证明,(sin θ+cosec θ) 2 +(cos θ+sec θ) 2 =7+tan 2 (θ)+cot 2 (θ)
解决方案:
LHS = {sin2θ + cosec2θ + 2 sinθ cosecθ } + {cos2θ+ sec2θ +2 cosθ secθ}
={sin2θ + cosec2θ + 2} + { cos2θ + sec2θ + 2}
=sin2θ + cos2θ + sec2θ + cosec2θ + 4
=sec2θ + cosec2θ + 5 [sin2θ +cos2θ = 1]
= (1+ tan2θ) + (1+ cot2θ) +5 [sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ ; cosec2θ = 1+ cot2θ ]
=7+ tan2(θ) + cot2(θ) = RHS
Hence proved.