甲烷分子式 - 结构、性质、用途、示例问题
甲烷化合物由 4 个氢原子和一个碳原子组成。碳是原子序数为6的非金属化学元素，用符号C表示。它属于元素周期表中的第14族。它是一种非金属和四价的四价电子，可用于形成化学键。氢气是一种无色、无味、无毒、易燃气体。它是原子序数为 1 的最轻元素。氢是双原子，分子式为 H 2 。
甲烷
甲烷是最简单的饱和烃，化学式为 CH 4 。它是最简单的烷烃，具有一个碳和四个氢原子。 1776 年，意大利物理学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔首次科学发现甲烷。它是无味、无色、易燃的无毒气体。甲烷是四面体分子，因为它有四个等效的 CH 键。它由结肠厌氧菌产生。
甲烷结构
甲烷的性质
- 甲烷气体比空气轻。 （0.554的重力）
- 当甲烷燃烧时，它的火焰略显苍白，明亮而炽热。
- 甲烷是最重要的温室气体之一，几乎 70% 的甲烷排放与人类活动有关。
- 甲烷是甲烷化物的共轭酸。
Chemical Formula | CH4 |
Molecular Weight | 16.04 g/mol |
Melting Point | -182.5o C |
Boiling Point | -161.5o C |
Density | 0.656 Kg/m3 |
Solubility | Soluble in water |
甲烷的用途
- 甲烷是一种能源强国。因此它被用作烤箱、热水器和汽车的燃料。
- 它用于发电。
- 精炼液体形式的甲烷用作火箭的燃料。
- 工业上用作防冻剂。
- 甲烷是肥料中最常见的成分。
- 它用于对产品进行消毒以去除任何细菌。
- 用于燃气器具测试。
- 用于燃气灶具。
- 甲烷不完全燃烧产生炭黑，用作制造汽车轮胎的橡胶中的增强剂。
示例问题
问题一：甲烷气体对环境有害吗？
回答：
Yes, It is bad for environment. If it spills out from the leaky pipe before it being used then it absorbs the heat from the sun that leads to warming up the temperature of atmosphere causes greenhouse effect.
问题2：产生甲烷气体的主要原因是什么？
回答：
Methane gas is released during oil, coal and natural gas production. Degradation of agricultural waste in urban solid waste landfills also emits methane.
问题3：甲烷对人体有害吗？
回答：
Methane gas alone is not toxic. But when it reacts with other gases it become deadly. Methane displaces oxygen to induce asphyxiation which cause dizziness and headache but these frequently go unnoticed until the brain signals the body gasping for air.
问题4：是否有可能从大气中提取甲烷？
回答：
Yes bacteria is used to extract methane from air. As it is a greenhouse gas, elimination of methane is financially competitive with carbon capture even if the technologies themselves are more expensive.
问题5：甲烷的四面体键角是多少？
回答：
The tetrahedral bond angle of methane is 109.5°. As per the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, It is the molecular structure with minimum mutual repulsions.
问题 6：作为温室气体，甲烷与二氧化碳相比如何？
回答：
Methane is far less abundant than carbon dioxide but it is ore potent molecule for a molecule as a green house gas when you balance out there differences in concentrations and amount of light absorbed methane is roughly a third as powerful as CO2 in warming the atmosphere.
问题 7：什么化合物用于去除大气中的甲烷？
回答：
As methane is a greenhouse gas, it is necessary to remove it from atmosphere. Zeolite, an abundant clay is used to control the methane emissions and to remove from air. Zeolite absorbs the methane from air when passes through it. It is mostly used as absorbents and catalysts as it is inexpensive.