级数是按特定顺序排列的序列或数字序列,以使序列或序列的连续项之间的关系始终恒定。逐步地,可以获得级数的第n个项。
在数学中,有3种类型的级数:
- 算术级数(AP)
- 几何级数(GP)
- 谐波级数(HP)
算术级数(AP)也称为算术序列,它是数字的序列或序列,以使序列中两个连续数字之间的公共差是恒定的。
例如:
系列1:1、3、5、7、9、11…。
在本系列中,任何两个连续数字之间的共同差异始终为2。
系列2:28,25,22,19,16,13…。
在这个系列中,任何两个连续数字之间的共同区别严格是-3。
术语和表示
- 共同差d = a 2 – a 1 = a 3 – a 2 =……。 = a n – a n – 1
- a n =第n个算术级数项
- S n =系列中前n个元素的总和
AP的一般形式
如果将a作为第一项,将d作为公共差,则AP的第N个项将由以下公式给出:
因此,通过使用给定的公式计算AP的n个项,AP的一般形式如下:
示例:找到系列5,11,17,23 ….中的第35个术语。
解决方案:
In the given series,
a = 5, d = a2 – a1 = 11 – 5 = 6, n = 35
We have to find out the 35th term, hence, apply the formulae,
an = a + (n – 1)d
an = 5 + (35 – 1) x 6
an = 5 + 34 x 6
an = 209
Hence 209 is the 35th term.
n算术级数项的总和
算术级数和的公式是,
S n =(n / 2)[2a +(n − 1)×d]
公式的推导
假设“ l”表示该系列的第n个项,而S n为AP a的前n个项的太阳,则(a + d),(a + 2d),….,a +(n-1)d,
Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + ….an-1 + an
Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + …….. + (l – 2d) + (l – d) + l …(1)
Writing the series in reverse order, we get,
Sn = l + (l – d) + (l – 2d) + …….. + (a + 2d) + (a + d) + a …(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2),
2Sn = (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l) + …….. + (a + l) + (a + l) + (a + l)
2Sn = n(a + l)
Sn = (n/2)(a + l) …(3)
Hence, the formulae for finding the sum of a series is,
Sn = (n/2)(a + l)
where,
a is the first term
l is the last term of the series and
n is the number of terms in the series
Replacing the last term l by the nth term in equation 3 we get,
nth term = a + (n – 1)d
Sn = (n/2)(a + a + (n – 1)d)
Sn = (n/2)(2a + (n – 1) x d)
Note: The consecutive terms in an Arithmetic Progression can also be represented as,
…….., a-3d , a-2d, a-d, a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, ……..
算术级数的样本问题
问题1.找到系列5,11,17,23 ….中前35个项的总和。
解决方案:
In the given series,
a = 5, d = a2 – a1 = 11 – 5 = 6, n = 35
Sn = (n/2)(2a + (n – 1) x d)
Sn = (35/2)(2 x 5 + (35 – 1) x 6)
Sn = (35/2)(10 + 34 x 6)
Sn = (35/2)(10 + 204)
Sn = 35 x 214/2
Sn = 3745
问题2。当系列的第一个项是5,而系列的最后一个是209,并且系列中的项数是35时,找到系列的总和。
解决方案:
In the given series,
a = 5, l = 209, n = 35
Sn = (n/2)(a + l)
Sn = (35/2)(5 + 209)
Sn = 35 x 214/2
Sn = 3745
问题3。21卢比被分为三个兄弟,三个部分的货币在AP中,其平方和为155。找出最大的金额。
解决方案:
Let the three parts of money be (a-d), a, (a+d), as thee distributed amount is in AP
Given that
(a – d) + a + (a + d) = 21
Therefore,
3a = 21
a = 7
Again, (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = 155
a2 + d2 – 2ad + a2 + a2 + d2 + 2ad = 155
3a2 + 2d2 = 155
Putting the value of ‘a’ we get,
3(7)2 + 2d2 = 155
2d2 = 155 – 147
d2 = 4
d = ±2
The three parts of distributed money are:
a + d = 7 + 2 = 9
a = 7
a – d = 7 – 2 = 5
Hence, the largest part is Rupees 9