📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:28:37.276000             🧑  作者: Mango
本文将介绍GATE CS 1999的问题30,这是一道关于数学中逻辑门的问题。本题目要求考生将一个逻辑表达式转换成CNF(合取范式)的形式。这是一个在计算机科学与人工智能领域常常会遇到的问题。
以下是问题的具体描述:
给出一个逻辑表达式S,S由以下逻辑运算符号构成:“,”(逗号,表示AND)、“|”(竖线,表示OR)、“~”(波浪号,表示NOT)和小括号。请将S转换成CNF的形式。
本问题可以通过使用以下三个步骤来解决:
以下是C++的参考实现,可以用来转换给定的逻辑表达式为CNF的形式:
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
vector<vector<int>> ans;
void formula(vector<int> clause,vector<vector<int>> antecedents,int index)
{
if(index == antecedents.size())
{
ans.emplace_back(clause);
return;
}
for(int i=0; i<antecedents[index].size(); i++)
{
vector<int> temp = clause;
temp.emplace_back(antecedents[index][i]);
formula(temp, antecedents, index + 1);
}
}
void cnf_formula(string input){
//去除IMP和EQV
while(true)
{
int imp = input.find("=>");
if(imp == -1) break;
string before, after;
int index = imp - 1;
int count = 0;
while(count != 1)
{
if(input[index] == ')') count++;
if(input[index] == '(') count--;
index--;
}
before = input.substr(0, index);
after = input.substr(imp + 2, input.length() - imp - 2);
input = before + "|(~" + before + ", " + after + ")";
}
while(true)
{
int eqv = input.find("<=>");
if(eqv == -1) break;
string before, after;
int index = eqv - 1;
int count = 0;
while(count != 1)
{
if(input[index] == ')') count++;
if(input[index] == '(') count--;
index--;
}
before = input.substr(0, index);
after = input.substr(eqv + 3, input.length() - eqv - 3);
input = "(" + before + "&" + after + ") | (~" + before + "&~" + after + ")";
}
//将NOT操作符移至连接符前面
for(int i=0; i<input.length(); i++)
{
if(input[i] == '~' && input[i+1] != '(')
{
input = input.substr(0, i) + " ~ " + input[i+1] + input.substr(i+2, input.length()-i-2);
}
if(input[i] == ')')
{
i++;
if(input[i] == '~')
{
string temp;
int count = 1;
i++;
while(count != 0)
{
if(input[i] == ')') count--;
if(input[i] == '(') count++;
temp += input[i];
i++;
}
input = input.substr(0, i - temp.length() - 2) + " ~ " + temp + input.substr(i, input.length() - i);
}
}
}
vector<vector<int>> antecedents;
//将OR组合成AND
int start = 0;
while(true)
{
int or1 = input.find('|', start);
if(or1 == -1) break;
string before, after;
int index = or1 - 1;
int count = 0;
while(count != 1)
{
if(input[index] == ')') count++;
if(input[index] == '(') count--;
index--;
}
before = input.substr(0, index);
after = input.substr(or1 + 2, input.length() - or1 - 2);
input = before + "," + after;
vector<int> clause;
vector<int> leftSide;
vector<int> rightSide;
//将左侧子句添加到vector中
int commaL = before.find(',');
if(commaL == -1) leftSide.emplace_back(stoi(before));
while(commaL != -1)
{
leftSide.emplace_back(stoi(before.substr(0, commaL)));
before = before.substr(commaL + 1, before.length() - commaL - 1);
commaL = before.find(',');
}
leftSide.emplace_back(stoi(before));
antecedents.emplace_back(leftSide);
//将右侧子句添加到vector中
int commaR = after.find(',');
if(commaR == -1) rightSide.emplace_back(stoi(after));
while(commaR != -1)
{
rightSide.emplace_back(stoi(after.substr(0, commaR)));
after = after.substr(commaR + 1, after.length() - commaR - 1);
commaR = after.find(',');
}
rightSide.emplace_back(stoi(after));
antecedents.emplace_back(rightSide);
start = index + 1;
}
vector<int> temp;
//将CNF形式的逻辑表达式添加到结果vector中
temp = antecedents[0];
formula(temp, antecedents, 1);
//输出结果
cout<<"The CNF expression of the input is: "<<endl;
for(auto i: ans)
{
for(auto j: i)
{
cout<<j<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
本文已经向你介绍了GATE CS 1999的问题30,并为该问题提供了一个简单的C++实现。通过使用这个参考实现,你可以将一个逻辑表达式转换成CNF形式。我们希望这篇文章能够对你有所帮助,让你对逻辑运算有更深入的理解。