📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:28:47.906000             🧑  作者: Mango
该项目是一个计算机科学课程的作业,目的是实现一个带门控的量子电路模拟器。该模拟器接受一个包含多个门的电路描述文件,将其解析并对电路进行模拟。其中,我们考虑的门集合为Hadamard门、Pauli-X门、Pauli-Y门、Pauli-Z门、CNOT门和SWAP门。
电路描述文件采用json格式,包含以下几个部分:
每个门包含以下几个属性:
Hadamard门通过以下矩阵描述:
$$ \begin{bmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{bmatrix} $$
对于一个单比特系统,Hadamard门的作用如下:
$$ H|\alpha\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle+|1\rangle) $$
Pauli-X门通过以下矩阵描述:
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
对于一个单比特系统,Pauli-X门的作用如下:
$$ X|\alpha\rangle = |1\rangle $$
Pauli-Y门通过以下矩阵描述:
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -i \ i & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
对于一个单比特系统,Pauli-Y门的作用如下:
$$ Y|\alpha\rangle = i|1\rangle $$
Pauli-Z门通过以下矩阵描述:
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \ 0 & -1 \end{bmatrix} $$
对于一个单比特系统,Pauli-Z门的作用如下:
$$ Z|\alpha\rangle = -|0\rangle $$
CNOT门是一个带一个控制比特和一个目标比特的门,在控制位为1时对目标位施加Pauli-X门,否则不做任何操作。CNOT门通过以下矩阵描述:
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
对于两个比特系统,CNOT门的作用如下:
$$ CNOT_{01}(a|00\rangle + b|01\rangle + c|10\rangle + d|11\rangle) = a|00\rangle + b|01\rangle + d|10\rangle + c|11\rangle $$
其中,0表示控制位,1表示目标位。
# 该项目采用Python实现
import numpy as np
def H():
# 实现Hadamard门
return np.array([[1/np.sqrt(2), 1/np.sqrt(2)],
[1/np.sqrt(2), -1/np.sqrt(2)]])
def X():
# 实现Pauli-X门
return np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]])
def Y():
# 实现Pauli-Y门
return np.array([[0, -1j], [1j, 0]])
def Z():
# 实现Pauli-Z门
return np.array([[1, 0], [0, -1]])
def CNOT():
# 实现CNOT门
return np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1],
[0, 0, 1, 0]])
def makeGate(gateType, qubits, control=None, target=None):
# 实现制造门函数
if gateType == "H":
return ("H", [H()], qubits)
elif gateType == "X":
return ("X", [X()], qubits)
elif gateType == "Y":
return ("Y", [Y()], qubits)
elif gateType == "Z":
return ("Z", [Z()], qubits)
elif gateType == "CNOT":
return ("CNOT", [CNOT()], qubits, control, target)
elif gateType == "SWAP":
# 实现SWAP门
pass
def applyGate(state, gate):
# 实现门的作用
gateName, matrices, qubits, control, target = gate
n = int(np.log2(len(state)))
targetQubitId = qubits[0]
H_ij = matrices[0]
targetQubitRange = range(n-targetQubitId-1,-1,-1)
Id = np.eye(2)
Ih = np.kron(Id, H()) if len(qubits) == 1 else\
np.kron(np.kron(Id, rotate_to_position(n, H_ij, targetQubitId)), Id)
if gateName == 'CNOT':
controlQubitId = control
resMat = Ih if targetQubitId < controlQubitId else\
np.kron(np.kron(np.kron(Id,H()),Id) if targetQubitId-1 == controlQubitId else\
np.kron(np.kron(Ih, Id), H()), Id) if targetQubitId > controlQubitId else\
np.kron(np.kron(np.kron(Id, rotate_to_position(n, X(), controlQubitId)), rotate_to_position(n, H(), targetQubitId)), Id) if n - targetQubitId -1 == controlQubitId else\
np.kron(np.kron(np.kron(np.kron(Id, rotate_to_position(n, X(), controlQubitId)), Id), H()), Id) if n - targetQubitId-1 > controlQubitId else \
Ih
elif gateName == 'SWAP':
pass
else:
resMat = Ih
matrix = resMat
for i in range(1,len(matrices)):
matrix = np.dot(matrix, np.kron(matrices[i], Id))
if len(qubits) == 1:
resSt = np.dot(matrix, state)
else:
qubits.sort()
Idst = np.eye(2**n)
reductionMatrix = matrix
for q in qubits:
resMat = np.eye(2)
for r in qubits:
if r == q:
resMat = np.kron(reductionMatrix, resMat)
else:
resMat = np.kron(Id, resMat)
reductionMatrix = resMat
expansionMatrix = np.eye(2**n)
for q in reversed(qubits):
exp = np.eye(2)
for i in range(n):
if i == q:
exp = np.kron(exp, matrices[0])
else:
exp = np.kron(exp, np.eye(2))
expansionMatrix = np.dot(expansionMatrix, exp)
matrix = np.dot(expansionMatrix, np.dot(reductionMatrix, expansionMatrix.T))
resSt = np.dot(matrix, state)
return resSt
def run(circuit_json):
# 实现电路模拟
json_dict = json.load(open(circuit_json, 'r')) #读入json文件
n_qubits = json_dict['n'] # 量子比特数
gates = json_dict['gates'] #门序列
state = np.zeros(2**n_qubits, dtype=np.complex64)
state[0] = 1 # 初始化为全0态
for gate in gates:
gateDesc = makeGate(gate['type'], gate['qubits'], gate.get('control', None), gate.get('target', None))
state = applyGate(state, gateDesc)
return state
以上就是关于"门|门 CS 1999 |问题2"课程作业的介绍和实现细节。通过这个作业,我们可以更好地了解量子计算中的基础概念,实现量子电路的模拟。