📜  BabelJS-Babel插件

📅  最后修改于: 2020-10-27 03:19:52             🧑  作者: Mango


BabelJS是一个javascript编译器,可根据可用的预设和插件来更改给定代码的语法。 babel编译流程涉及以下3部分-

  • 解析
  • 转变
  • 印刷

只需更改语法,就可以照原样返回给babel的代码。我们已经看到将预置添加到.babelrc文件中,以将代码从es6编译到es5,反之亦然。预设不过是一组插件。如果在编译过程中未提供预设或插件详细信息,Babel将不会更改任何内容。

现在让我们讨论以下插件-

  • 转换类属性
  • 变换求幂运算符
  • 对象休息和传播
  • 异步/等待

现在,我们将创建一个项目设置并使用几个插件,这将使您对babel中的插件要求有清晰的了解。

命令

npm init

我们必须为babel安装所需的软件包-babel cli,babel core,babel-preset等。

babel 6的软件包

npm install babel-cli babel-core babel-preset-es2015 --save-dev

Babel 7软件包

npm install @babel/cli @babel/core @babel/preset-env --save-dev

在您的项目中创建一个js文件,然后编写您的js代码。

类-转换类属性

请遵守以下为此目的提供的代码-

main.js

class Person {
   constructor(fname, lname, age, address) {
      this.fname = fname;
      this.lname = lname;
      this.age = age;
      this.address = address;
   }

   get fullname() {
      return this.fname + "-" + this.lname;
   }
}
var a = new Person("Siya", "Kapoor", "15", "Mumbai");
var persondet = a.fullname;

目前,我们尚未向babel提供任何预设或插件详细信息。如果我们碰巧使用命令来转译代码-

npx babel main.js --out-file main_out.js

main_out.js

class Person {
   constructor(fname, lname, age, address) {
      this.fname = fname;
      this.lname = lname;
      this.age = age;
      this.address = address;
   }

   get fullname() {
      return this.fname + "-" + this.lname;
   }
}
var a = new Person("Siya", "Kapoor", "15", "Mumbai");
var persondet = a.fullname;

我们将按原样获取代码。现在让我们将预设添加到.babelrc文件。

注意-在项目的根文件夹中创建.babelrc文件。

.babelrc for babel 6

Babelrc对于Babel

.babelrc for babel 7

{
   "presets":["@babel/env"]
}

我们已经安装了预设;现在让我们再次运行命令-

npx babel main.js --out-file main_out.js

main_out.js

"use strict";

var _createClass = function () {
   function defineProperties(target, props) {
      for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
         var descriptor = props[i];
         descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; 
         descriptor.configurable = true; 
         if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; 
         Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); 
      }
   }
   return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { 
      if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); 
      if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); 
      return Constructor; 
   }; 
}();

function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { 
   if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) {
      throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); 
   } 
}

var Person = function () {
   function Person(fname, lname, age, address) {
      _classCallCheck(this, Person);

      this.fname = fname;
      this.lname = lname;
      this.age = age;
      this.address = address;
   }

   _createClass(Person, [{
      key: "fullname",
      get: function get() {
         return this.fname + "-" + this.lname;
      }
   }]);
   return Person;
}();

var a = new Person("Siya", "Kapoor", "15", "Mumbai");
var persondet = a.fullname;

在ES6中,类语法如下

class Person {
   constructor(fname, lname, age, address) {
      this.fname = fname;
      this.lname = lname;
      this.age = age;
      this.address = address;
   }

   get fullname() {
      return this.fname + "-" + this.lname;
   }
}

有构造函数,并且在其中定义了该类的所有属性。万一,我们需要在类之外定义类属性,而不能这样做。

class Person {
   name = "Siya Kapoor";

   fullname = () => {
      return this.name;
   }
}
var a = new Person();
var persondet = a.fullname();
console.log("%c"+persondet, "font-size:25px;color:red;");

如果碰巧编译以上代码,它将在babel中引发错误。这导致代码无法编译。

Babel错误

为了按照我们想要的方式工作,我们可以使用称为babel-plugin-transform-class-properties的babel插件。为了使其工作,我们需要首先按照以下方式安装它-

babel 6的软件包

npm install --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-class-properties

babel 7的软件包

npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties

将插件添加到Babel 6的.babelrc文件中

添加插件Babelrc

.babelrc for babel 7

{
   "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties"]
}

现在,我们将再次运行该命令。

命令

npx babel main.js --out-file main_out.js

main.js

class Person {
   name = "Siya Kapoor";

   fullname = () => {
      return this.name;
   }
}
var a = new Person();
var persondet = a.fullname();
console.log("%c"+persondet, "font-size:25px;color:red;");

编译为main_out.js

class Person {
   constructor() {
      this.name = "Siya Kapoor";

      this.fullname = () => {
         return this.name;
      };
   }
}
var a = new Person();
var persondet = a.fullname();
console.log("%c"+persondet, "font-size:25px;color:red;");

输出

以下是在浏览器中使用时得到的输出-

Babelrc输出

求幂运算符-变换求幂运算符

**是ES7中用于取幂的运算符。以下示例显示了ES7中相同功能的工作。它还显示了如何使用babeljs来转译代码。

let sqr = 9 ** 2;
console.log("%c"+sqr, "font-size:25px;color:red;");

要转换幂运算符,我们需要如下安装插件:

babel 6的软件包

npm install --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-exponentiation-operator

Babel 7软件包

npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-transform-exponentiation-operator

将插件详细信息添加到.babelrc文件,如下所示,适用于babel 6-

{
   "plugins": ["transform-exponentiation-operator"]
}

.babelrc for babel 7

{
   "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-transform-exponentiation-operator"]
}

命令

npx babel exponeniation.js --out-file exponeniation_out.js

exponeniation_out.js

let sqr = Math.pow(9, 2);
console.log("%c" + sqr, "font-size:25px;color:red;");

输出

指数输出

babel6和7中的插件所需的软件包如下-

Babel6

npm install --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-es2015-for-of

通天塔7

npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-transform-for-of

.babelrc for babel6

{
   "plugins": ["transform-es2015-for-of"]
}

.babelrc for babel7

{
   "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-transform-for-of"]
}

forof.js

let foo = ["PHP", "C++", "Mysql", "JAVA"];
for (var i of foo) {
   console.log(i);
}

命令

npx babel forof.js --out-file forof_es5.js

Forof_es5.js

let foo = ["PHP", "C++", "Mysql", "JAVA"];
var _iteratorNormalCompletion = true;
var _didIteratorError = false;
var _iteratorError = undefined;

try {
   for (var _iterator = foo[Symbol.iterator](), _step; !(_iteratorNormalCompletion = (_step = _iterator.next()).done); _iteratorNormalCompletion = true) {
      var i = _step.value;

      console.log(i);
   }
} catch (err) {
   _didIteratorError = true;
   _iteratorError = err;
} finally {
   try {
      if (!_iteratorNormalCompletion && _iterator.return) {
         _iterator.return();
      }
   } finally {
      if (_didIteratorError) {
         throw _iteratorError;
      }
   }
}

输出

Fores ES5输出

对象休息传播

babel6和7中的插件所需的软件包如下-

通天塔6

npm install --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-object-rest-spread

通天塔7

npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread

.babelrc for babel6

{
   "plugins": ["transform-object-rest-spread"]
}

.babelrc for babel7

{
   "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-proposal-object-rest-spread"]
}

o.js

let { x1, y1, ...z1 } = { x1: 11, y1: 12, a: 23, b: 24 };
console.log(x1);
console.log(y1);
console.log(z1);

let n = { x1, y1, ...z1};
console.log(n);

命令

npx babel o.js --out-file o_es5.js

o_es5.js

var _extends = Object.assign || function (target) {
   for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      var source = arguments[i]; for (var key in source) {
         if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(source, key)) {
            target[key] = source[key]; 
         } 
      } 
   } 
   return target; 
};

function _objectWithoutProperties(obj, keys) {
   var target = {};
   for (var i in obj) {
      if (keys.indexOf(i) >= 0) continue;
      if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, i)) continue;
      target[i] = obj[i];
   }
   return target;
}

let _x1$y1$a$b = { x1: 11, y1: 12, a: 23, b: 24 },
   { x1, y1 } = _x1$y1$a$b,
   z1 = _objectWithoutProperties(_x1$y1$a$b, ["x1", "y1"]);
console.log(x1);
console.log(y1);
console.log(z1);

let n = _extends({ x1, y1 }, z1);
console.log(n);

输出

对象剩余传播输出

异步/等待

我们需要为babel 6安装以下软件包-

npm install --save-dev babel-plugin-transform-async-to-generator

Babel 7软件包

npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-transform-async-to-generator

.babelrc for babel 6

{
   "plugins": ["transform-async-to-generator"]
}

.babelrc for babel 7

{
   "plugins": ["@babel/plugin-transform-async-to-generator"]
}

async.js

let timer = () => {
   return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
         resolve("Promise resolved after 5 seconds");
      }, 5000);
   });
};
let out = async () => {
   let msg = await timer();
   console.log(msg);
   console.log("hello after await");
};

out();

命令

npx babel async.js --out-file async_es5.js

async_es5.js

function _asyncToGenerator(fn) {
   return function () {
      var gen = fn.apply(this, arguments);
      return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
         function step(key, arg) {
            try {
               var info = gen[key](arg);
               var value = info.value; 
            } catch (error) {
               reject(error);
               return; 
            } if (info.done) {
               resolve(value); 
            } else {
               return Promise.resolve(value).then(function (value) {
                  step("next", value);
               },
               function (err) {
                  step("throw", err); }); 
            }
         } return step("next"); 
      });
   };
}

let timer = () => {
   return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
         resolve("Promise resolved after 5 seconds");
      }, 5000);
   });
};
let out = (() => {
   var _ref = _asyncToGenerator(function* () {
      let msg = yield timer();
      console.log(msg);
      console.log("hello after await");
   });

   return function out() {
      return _ref.apply(this, arguments);
   };
})();
out();

我们必须使用polyfill,因为它不能在不支持promise的浏览器中使用。

输出

异步es5输出