氰化钠配方 - 结构、性质、用途、示例问题
钠是一种非常柔软的金属,当它暴露在大气中时会立即失去光泽。除此之外,钠还会与水 (H 2 O) 剧烈反应,形成典型的橙色烟雾。由于钠的剧烈性质,自然界中从未发现它处于金属状态。钠的唯一稳定同位素是23 Na。金属钠是通过电解干燥氯化钠(NaCl)获得的。中国是钠的主要生产国之一。
什么是氰化钠?
Sodium Cynaide is a highly toxic ,water soluble solid.It is also known as Cyanogran or Cyanobrik.It is generally utilized as a test reagent for legitimate working of chemoreceptors and in industrial cycles. It is generally white in colour and having sodium and cyanide ions.
氰化钠的结构:
氰化钠的制备:
- 氰化钠是由氰化氢与氢氧化钠反应制得的。反应如下:
HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H 2 O
氰化钠的性质
氰化钠的物理性质:
- 氰化钠的分子量为 46 g/mol
- 密度等于 1.88g/dm3。
- 氰化钠的沸点是21.15°C。
- 氰化钠闻起来像淡淡的杏仁味。
- 氰化钠的折射率为 1.45。
- 氰化钠的化学式是NaCN。
氰化钠的化学性质:
- 氰化钠是一种弱酸的盐,即氰化氢,HCN。
- 氰化钠易被水水解生成剧毒的HCN气体。
- 固体氰化钠可以从环境中摄取水并开始释放氰化氢气体,使其极其危险。
- 氰化钠也很容易与水反应并形成危险的 HCN 气体。
NaCN + HCl→ HCN + NaCl
氰化钠的用途:
- 用于种植合成化合物。
- 用于生产颜色。
- 用于采矿工厂。
- 用于清洁金属。
- 用于合成腈类。
- 用于创建电镀排列。
- 氰化钠用于提取金。
示例问题
问题一:描述氰化钠对健康的危害?
回答:
Sodium Cyanide is incredibly poisonous. Safe measure of oral fatal dose in people is viewed as under 5 mg/kg for a 70 kg individual. This compound is lethal when inhaled or assimilated through the skin, or gulped. Touch with it can cause burns in eyes and skin.
问题2:如何使用氰化钠提取黄金?
回答:
The rich affinity of gold for cyanide initiates gold metal to oxidize and disintegrate within the presence of oxygen and water, delivering the salt sodium gold cyanide and sodium hydroxide.
4Au + 8NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na[Au(CN)2] + 4 NaOH.
问题3:列出氰化钠的几种用途?
回答:
Uses of Sodium Cyanide are:
- Utilized in farming synthetic compounds.
- Utilized in the production of colors.
- Utilized in the mining factories.
- Utilized in cleaning metals.
- Used to synthesize nitriles.
问题4:写氰化钠的制备?
回答:
Sodium cyanide is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen cyanide with sodium hydroxide. And the reaction is as follows:
HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O
问题5:写出氰化钠的结构并识别阳离子和阴离子?
回答:
where,
- Cation: Na+
- Anion: CN–