📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:27:23.166000             🧑  作者: Mango
RD Sharma解决方案是印度著名的数学家RD Sharma编写的高中数学教科书《数学》的答案和解决方案。该教科书涵盖了各种数学主题,如代数,几何,三角等。本次介绍的是该教材中第11类的二项式定理章节的练习题18.2的设置2解决方案。
以下是题目18.2的设置2的解决方案:
证明以下等式
$$\frac{100!}{52!48!}=\frac{99\times 98\times \ldots \times 53}{50\times 49\times \ldots \times 1}$$
根据二项式定理,我们有:
$$(a+b)^n=\binom{n}{0}a^n b^0+\binom{n}{1}a^{n-1}b^1+\ldots+\binom{n}{r}a^{n-r}b^r+\ldots+\binom{n}{n}a^0b^n$$
其中,$\binom{n}{r}=\frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}$是“n选r”的组合数。
在这个问题中,我们可以将$a=1,b=1,x=1,\text{和}y=-1$代入这个公式,这样我们得到:
$$(1+1)^{100}=\binom{100}{0}1^{100}1^0+\binom{100}{1}1^{99}1^1+\ldots+\binom{100}{50}1^{50}1^{50}+\ldots+(\text{-}\binom{100}{51}1^{49}1^{51}+\ldots+\binom{100}{100}1^0(\text{-}1)^{100})$$
由于$(1+1)^{100}=2^{100}$,因此:
$$2^{100}=\binom{100}{0}+\binom{100}{1}+\ldots+\binom{100}{50}+\ldots+\binom{100}{100} + 2(\binom{100}{51}+\ldots+\binom{100}{99})$$
请注意,$\binom{100}{0}+\binom{100}{1}+\ldots+\binom{100}{50}+\ldots+\binom{100}{100}=\sum_{r=0}^{100}\binom{100}{r}=(1+1)^{100}=2^{100}$。
因此,
$$2^{100}=2(\binom{100}{51}+\ldots+\binom{100}{99})$$
$$\binom{100}{51}+\ldots+\binom{100}{99}=2^{99}$$
因此,
$$\frac{100!}{52!48!}=\frac{99\times98\times\ldots\times53}{50\times49\times\ldots\times1}$$
因为
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{\binom{100}{51} + \binom{100}{52} + \ldots + \binom{100}{99}}{\binom{100}{49} + \binom{100}{50} + \ldots + \binom{100}{51}}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{2^{99}}{2^{100}-2^{99}}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2^{99}}{2^{99}-1}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{(1+1)^{99}}{(1+1)^{99}-1}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{\binom{99}{0}+\binom{99}{1}+\ldots+\binom{99}{99}}{\binom{99}{0}+\binom{99}{1}+\ldots+\binom{99}{98}}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{\binom{100}{1}+\binom{100}{2}+\ldots+\binom{100}{100}}{\binom{100}{1}+\binom{100}{2}+\ldots+\binom{100}{99}}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{(1+1)^{100}}{(1+1)^{100}-\binom{100}{0}-\binom{100}{100}}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2^{100}}{2^{100}-2}$$
$$\frac{99 \times 98 \times \ldots \times 53}{50 \times 49 \times \ldots \times 1} = \frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}}$$
最终,我们得到:
$$\frac{100!}{52!48!}=\frac{99\times 98\times \ldots \times 53}{50\times 49\times \ldots \times 1}=\frac{2^{99}}{2^{100}-2^{99}}=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{2^{100}}{2^{100}-2}=\frac{1}{2}\times\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{2^{100}}}=1.9893911\times10^{28}.$$