问题1:证明函数f(x)= log e x在(0,∞)上递增。
解决方案:
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0, ∞)
We have, x1 ⇒ loge x1 < loge x2 ⇒ f(x1) < f(x2) Therefore, f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞).
问题2:证明函数f(x)= log a (x)在a> 1时在(0,∞)上递增,在0
解决方案:
Case 1:
When a>1
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0, ∞)
We have, x12
⇒ loge x1 < loge x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞).
Case 2:
问题3:证明f(x)= ax + b,其中a,b是常数,而a> 0是R上的一个递增函数。
解决方案:
We have,
f(x) = ax + b, a > 0
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ ax1 > ax2 for some a>0
⇒ ax1 + b > ax2 + b for some b
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Hence, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing function of R.
问题4:证明f(x)= ax + b,其中a,b是常数,而a <0是R上的递减函数。
解决方案:
We have,
f(x) = ax + b, a < 0
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ ax1 < ax2 for some a>0
⇒ ax1 + b 2 + b for some b
⇒ f(x1) 2)
Hence, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) 2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing function of R.
问题5:证明f(x)= 1 / x是(0,∞)的递减函数。
We have,
f(x) = 1/x
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0,∞) and x1 > x2
⇒ 1/x1 < 1/x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Thus, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing function.
问题6:证明f(x)= 1 /(1 + x 2 )在间隔[0,∞]中减小,在间隔[-∞,0]中增大。
解决方案:
We have,
f(x) = 1/1+ x2
Case 1:
when x ∈ [0, ∞]
Let x1, x2 ∈ [0,∞] and x1 > x2
⇒ x12 > x22
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12 )> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞].
Case 2:
when x ∈ [-∞, 0]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 < x22 [-2>-3 ⇒ 4<9]
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12)> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
问题7:证明f(x)= 1 /(1 + x 2 )在R上既不增加也不减少。
解决方案:
We have,
(x) = 1/1+ x2
R can be divided into two intervals [0, ∞] and [-∞,0]
Case 1:
when x ∈ [0, ∞]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 > x22
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12 )> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞].
Case 2:
when x ∈ [-∞, 0]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 < x22 [-2>-3 ⇒ 4<9]
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12)> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
Here, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞] and f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
Thus, f(x) neither increases nor decreases on R.
问题8:在不使用导数的情况下,证明函数f(x)= | x |是,
(i)严格增加(0,∞)(ii)严格减少(-∞,0)
解决方案:
(i). Let x1, x2 ∈ [0,∞] and x1 > x2
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly increasing in [0,∞].
(ii). Let x1, x2 ∈ [-∞, 0] and x1 > x2
⇒ -x1<-x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly decreasing in [-∞,0].
问题9:不使用导数表明函数f(x)= 7x – 3是R上的严格增加的函数。
解决方案:
f(x) = 7x-3
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ 7x1 > 7x2
⇒ 7x1 – 3 > 7x2 – 3
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly increasing on R
Case 1:
When a>1
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0, ∞)
We have, x1
⇒ loge x1 < loge x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in (0, ∞).
Case 2:
We have,
f(x) = ax + b, a > 0
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ ax1 > ax2 for some a>0
⇒ ax1 + b > ax2 + b for some b
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Hence, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing function of R.
We have,
f(x) = ax + b, a < 0
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ ax1 < ax2 for some a>0
⇒ ax1 + b
⇒ f(x1)
Hence, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing function of R.
We have,
f(x) = 1/x
Let x1, x2 ∈ (0,∞) and x1 > x2
⇒ 1/x1 < 1/x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Thus, x1 > x2 ⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing function.
We have,
f(x) = 1/1+ x2
Case 1:
when x ∈ [0, ∞]
Let x1, x2 ∈ [0,∞] and x1 > x2
⇒ x12 > x22
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12 )> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞].
Case 2:
when x ∈ [-∞, 0]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 < x22 [-2>-3 ⇒ 4<9]
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12)> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
We have,
(x) = 1/1+ x2
R can be divided into two intervals [0, ∞] and [-∞,0]
Case 1:
when x ∈ [0, ∞]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 > x22
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12 )> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞].
Case 2:
when x ∈ [-∞, 0]
Let x1 > x2
⇒ x12 < x22 [-2>-3 ⇒ 4<9]
⇒ 1+x12 < 1+x22
⇒ 1/(1+ x12)> 1/(1+ x22 )
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Therefore, f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
Here, f(x) is decreasing in [0, ∞] and f(x) is increasing in [-∞,0].
Thus, f(x) neither increases nor decreases on R.
(i). Let x1, x2 ∈ [0,∞] and x1 > x2
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly increasing in [0,∞].
(ii). Let x1, x2 ∈ [-∞, 0] and x1 > x2
⇒ -x1<-x2
⇒ f(x1) < f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly decreasing in [-∞,0].
f(x) = 7x-3
Let x1, x2 ∈ R and x1 >x2
⇒ 7x1 > 7x2
⇒ 7x1 – 3 > 7x2 – 3
⇒ f(x1) > f(x2)
Thus, f(x) is strictly increasing on R