第12类NCERT解决方案-数学第I部分–第3章矩阵–练习3.4 |套装2

第3章矩阵–练习3.4 |套装1

问题11 $\begin{bmatrix}2&-6\\1 & -2\\\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

$\begin{aligned} &\text { Let } A=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & -6 \\ 1 & -2 \end{array}\right]\\ &\text { W.K.T. , } A=IA \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & -6 \\ 1 & -2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\\ &\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & -2 \\ 2 & -6 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{array}\right] A\left[R_{1} \leftrightarrow R_{2}\right]\\ &\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{rr} 1 & -2 \\ 0 & -2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rr} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & -2 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}-2 R_{1}\right] \end{aligned}$

}$\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 1 \\ -1 / 2 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{2} \rightarrow \frac{-1}{2} \mathrm{R}{2}\right] \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} -1 & 3 \\ -1 / 2 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{1}+2 \mathrm{R}_{2}\right] \\ \mathrm{Therefore, A}^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} -1 & 3 \\ -1 / 2 & 1 \end{array}\right] \end{array}$

问题12。 $\begin{bmatrix}6&-3\\-2 & 1\\\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

$\begin{array}{l} \text { Let } A=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 6 & -3 \\ -2 & 1 \end{array}\right] \\ \text { W.K.T. , } A=IA \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 6 & -3 \\ -2 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A} \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 / 2 \\ -2 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 / 6 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow \frac{1}{6} R_{1}\right] \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 / 2 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 / 6 & 0 \\ 1 / 3 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}+2 R_{1}\right] \end{array}$

Here, both the elements of R₂ of L.H.S. are 0.

Therefore, A^-1 does not exist.

问题13。 $\begin{bmatrix}2&-3\\-1 & 2\\\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

$\begin{array}{l} \text { Let } A=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & -3 \\ -1 & 2 \end{array}\right] \\ \text { W.K.T. , } A=IA \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & -3 \\ -1 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A } \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & -1 \\ -1 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow R_{1}+R_{2}\right] \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}+R_{1}\right] \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow R_{1}+R_{2}\right] \\ Therefore, A^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 2 \end{array}\right] \end{array}$

问题14。 $\begin{bmatrix}2&1\\4 & 2\\\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

$\begin{aligned} &\text { Let } A=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 1 \\ 4 & 2 \end{array}\right]\\ &\text { W.K.T. ,} A=IA \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 1 \\ 4 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\\ \end{aligned}$

$\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 / 2 \\ 4 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 / 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow \frac{1}{2} R_{1}\right] \\ \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 1 / 2 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 / 2 & 0 \\ -2 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}-4 R_{1}\right] \end{array}$

Here, both the elements of R2 of L.H.S. are 0.

Therefore, A-1 does not exist.

问题15。 $\begin{bmatrix}2 & -3 & 3\\2 & 2 & 3\\3 & -2 & 2\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

Let A= $\begin{bmatrix}2 & -3 & 3\\2 & 2 & 3\\3 & -2 & 2\end{bmatrix}$

W.K.T. , A=IA

$\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 2 & -3 & 3 \\ 2 & 2 & 3 \\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathbf{A} \\ {\left[\begin{array}{rrr} -1 & -1 & 1 \\ 2 & 2 & 3 \\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}} \\ {\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 1 & -1 \\ 2 & 2 & 3 \\ 3 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} -1 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}} \end{array}$[Tex]\begin{array}{l} {\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{1}-\mathrm{R}_{3}\right]}\\\\ {\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow(-1) \mathrm{R}{1}\right]} \end{array}[/Tex]

$\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \\ 0 & -5 & 5 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} -1 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & -2 \\ 3 & 0 & -2 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{2}-2 \mathrm{R}{1} \text { and } \mathrm{R}{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{3}-3 \mathrm{R}{1}\right] \\ \left.=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & -5 & 5 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{array}\right]=\begin{array}{rrr} -1 & 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 0 & -2 \\ 2 & 1 & -2 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{2} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{R}{3}\right] \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l} {\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -1 & 0 & 1 \\ -3 / 5 & 0 & 2 / 5 \\ 2 & 1 & -2 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A} \quad\left[\mathrm{R}{2} \rightarrow\left(\frac{-1}{5}\right) \mathrm{R}{2}\right]} \\ \left.\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 5 \end{array}\right]=\begin{array}{rrr} -2 / 5 & 0 & 3 / 5 \\ 2 & 0 & 2 / 5 \\ 2 & 1 & -2 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{1}-\mathrm{R}_{2}\right] \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{l} {\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 / 5 & 0 & 3 / 5 \\ -3 / 5 & 0 & 2 / 5 \\ 2 / 5 & 1 / 5 & -2 / 5 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[\mathrm{R}{3} \rightarrow \frac{1}{5} \mathrm{R}{3}\right]} \\ {\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 / 5 & 0 & 3 / 5 \\ -1 / 5 & 1 / 5 & 0 \\ 2 / 5 & 1 / 5 & -2 / 5 \end{array}\right] \mathrm{A}\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}+R_{3}\right]} \end{array}$

Therefore, A^-1 =$\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 / 5 & 0 & 3 / 5 \\ -1 / 5 & 1 / 5 & 0 \\ 2 / 5 & 1 / 5 & -2 / 5 \end{array}\right]$

问题16。 $\begin{bmatrix}1 & 3 & -2\\-3 & 0 & -5\\2 & 5 & 0\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

Let A=$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 3 & -2\\-3 & 0 & -5\\2 & 5 & 0\end{bmatrix}$

W.K.T. , A=IA

$\begin{aligned} &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 3 & -2 \\ -3 & 0 & -5 \\ 2 & 5 & 0 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\\ &\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & 9 & -11 \\ 0 & -1 & 4 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 3 & 1 & 0 \\ -2 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}+3 R_{1} \text { and } R_{3} \rightarrow R_{3}-2 R_{1}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & -1 & 4 \\ 0 & 9 & -11 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -2 & 0 & 1 \\ 3 & 1 & 0 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \leftrightarrow R_{3}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 3 & -2 \\ 0 & 1 & -4 \\ 0 & 9 & -11 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 2 & 0 & -1 \\ 3 & 1 & 0 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow(-1) R_{2}\right.\\ \end{aligned}$[Tex]\begin{aligned} &\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 0 & 10 \\ 0 & 1 & -4 \\ 0 & 0 & 25 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -5 & 0 & 3 \\ 2 & 0 & -1 \\ -15 & 1 & 9 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow R_{1}-3 R_{2}\right. \text { and } R_{3} \rightarrow R_{3}-9 R_{2}\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 10 \\ 0 & 1 & -4 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -5 & 0 & 3 \\ 2 & 0 & -1 \\ -3 / 5 & 1 / 25 & 9 / 25 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \rightarrow \frac{1}{25} R_{3}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & -\frac{2}{5} & -\frac{3}{5} \\ -\frac{2}{5} & \frac{4}{25} & \frac{11}{25} \\ -\frac{3}{5} & \frac{1}{25} & \frac{9}{25} \end{array}\right] A\left[R_{1} \rightarrow R_{1}-10 R_{1} \text { and } R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}+4 R_{3}\right]\\ &Therefore,A^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & -2 / 25 & -3 / 25 \\ -2 / 25 & 4 / 25 & 11 / 25 \\ -3 / 25 & 1 / 25 & 9 / 25 \end{array}\right]\\ \end{aligned}[/Tex]

问题17。 $\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & -1\\5 & 1 & 0\\0 & 1 & 3\end{bmatrix}$

解决方案：

Let A=$\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & -1\\5 & 1 & 0\\0 & 1 & 3\end{bmatrix}$

W.K.T. , A=IA

$\begin{aligned} &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 2 & 0 & -1 \\ 5 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 2 & 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}-2 R_{1}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[R_{1} \leftrightarrow R_{2}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & -2 & -5 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 5 & -2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] A\left[R_{2} \rightarrow R_{2}-2 R_{1}\right]\\ &\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 1 & 2 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \\ 0 & -2 & -5 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 5 & -2 & 0 \end{array}\right] A \quad R_{2} \leftrightarrow R_{3} \end{aligned}$

$\begin{array}{l} {\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 3 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} -2 & 1 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 5 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{1}-\mathrm{R}{2} \text { and } \mathrm{R}{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{3}+2 \mathrm{R}{2}\right]} \\ {\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 3 & -1 & 1 \\ -15 & 6 & -5 \\ 5 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right] \text { A }\left[\mathrm{R}{1} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{1}+\mathrm{R}{3} \text { and } \mathrm{R}{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{R}{2}-3 \mathrm{R}{3}\right]} \\ \end{array}$

$Therefore,A^{-1}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 3 & -1 & 1 \\ -15 & 6 & -5 \\ 5 & -2 & 2 \end{array}\right]$

问题18：矩阵A和B仅在以下情况下彼此相反：

(A)AB = BA

(B)AB = BA = 0

(C)AB = 0，BA = I

(D)AB = BA = I

解决方案：

According to the definition of inverse of square matrix,

Option (D) is correct

 i.e. AB=BA=I