问题1:定义以下术语:
(i)观察
解决方案:
Observation is the value of a particular variable at a particular period.
OR
Each entry in the given data is called an observation.
(ii)原始数据
解决方案:
Raw data is the data collected in its original form.
OR
Raw data is a collection of observations by an observer.
(iii)观察的频率
解决方案:
Frequency of an observation is the number of times a certain value or a class of values occurs in the given data.
(iv)频率分布
解决方案:
Frequency distribution is the organization of raw data in table form with classes and frequencies.
(v)离散频率分布
解决方案:
Discrete frequency distribution is a frequency distribution where sufficiently great numbers are grouped into one class.
(vi)分组频率分布
解决方案:
Grouped frequency distribution is a frequency distribution where several numbers are grouped into one class.
(vii)课堂间隔
解决方案:
Class interval is a group under which large number of data is grouped to analyze its Range and Distribution.
(viii)班级规模
解决方案:
The difference between the upper and lower values of a class is called class-size.
(ix)班级限制
解决方案:
Class limits are the smallest and the largest observations in a class. Every class has two limits – upper limit and lower limit.
(x)真实阶级限制
解决方案:
True class limits are the actual class limits of a class.
问题2:30名学生的数学最终成绩如下:
53、61、48、60、78、68、55、100、67、90、75、88、77、37、84、58、60、48、62、56、44、58、52、64、98, 59、70、39、50、60
(i)按升序排列这些标记,一组为30到39,第二组为40到49,依此类推。
现在回答以下问题:
(ii)最高分数是多少?
(iii)最低分数是多少?
(iv)范围是多少?
(v)如果合格分数是40,那么多少个不及格?
(vi)有多少人得分在75分以上?
(vii)实际未出现50到60之间的哪些观察结果?
(viii)有多少得分低于50?
解决方案:
(i) The given marks can be arranged in the ascending order as –
Groups (class-interval) |
Marks arranged in ascending order |
30 – 39 | 37, 39 |
40 – 49 | 44, 48, 48 |
50 – 59 | 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 58, 59 |
60 – 69 | 60, 60, 60, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68 |
70 – 79 | 70, 75, 77, 78 |
80 – 89 | 84, 88 |
90 – 99 | 90, 98 |
100 – 109 | 100 |
(ii) The highest score is 100.
(iii) The lowest score is 37.
(iv) The range is 100 – 37 = 63.
(v) If 40 is the pass marks then the number of failed candidates = 2 (37, 39).
(vi) The number of students who scored 75 or more = 8 (75, 77, 78, 84, 88, 90, 98, 100).
(vii) The marks 51, 54 and 57 do not actually appear between 50 and 60.
(viii) The umber of students who scored less than 50 = 5 (37, 39, 44, 48, 48).
问题3:某天在医院中新生婴儿的体重(以千克为单位)如下:
2.3、2.2、2.1、2.7、2.6、3.0、2.5、2.9、2.8、3.1、2.5、2.8、2.7、2.9、2.4
(i)权重降序排列。
(ii)确定最高重量。
(iii)确定最低重量。
(iv)确定范围。
(v)那天有几个婴儿出生?
(vi)有多少个体重在2.5公斤以下的婴儿?
(vii)多少婴儿体重超过2.8公斤?
(viii)多少婴儿重2.8公斤?
解决方案:
(i) The weights of the newly born babies in descending order are as follows –
3.1, 3.0, 2.9, 2.9, 2.8, 2.8, 2.7, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1
(ii) The highest weight is 3.1 kg.
(iii) The lowest weight is 2.1 kg.
(iv) The range is 3.1-2.1 = 1 kg
(v) The number of babies born on that day is 15.
(vi) The number of babies who weighs below 2.5 kg is 4 (2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1)
(vii) The number of babies who weighs more than 2.8 kg is 4 (3.1, 3.0, 2.9, 2.9)
(viii) The number of babies whose weight is 2.8 kg is 2.
问题4:以下数据提供了41个家庭的孩子人数:
1,2,6,5,1,5,1,1,2,2,6,2,3,4,2,0,0,4,4,4,3,2,2,0,0,1,2, 2、4、3、2、1、0、5、1、2、4、3、4、1、6、2、2
用频率分布的形式表示它。
解决方案:
The data can be represented in the form of frequency distribution in following way –
Number of children | Tally marks |
Number of families (frequency) |
0 | 5 | |
1 | 7 | |
2 | 12 | |
3 | 5 | |
4 | 6 | |
5 | ||| | 3 |
6 | ||| | 3 |
问题5:准备一张由50名学生在考试中获得的以下分数的频率表:
42、51、21、42、37、37、42、49、38、52、7、33、17、44、39、7、14、27、39、42、42、62、37、39、67, 51,53,53,59,41,29,38,27,31,54,19,53,51,22,61,42,39,59,47,33,34,16,37,57,43
解决方案:
The frequency table of scores obtained by 50 students in a test can be shown as –
Marks | Tally marks |
Number of Students (frequency) |
Marks | Tally marks |
Number of Students (frequency) |
7 | || | 2 | 41 | | | 1 |
14 | | | 1 | 42 | 6 | |
16 | | | 1 | 43 | | | 1 |
17 | | | 1 | 44 | | | 1 |
19 | | | 1 | 47 | | | 1 |
21 | | | 1 | 49 | | | 1 |
22 | | | 1 | 51 | ||| | 3 |
27 | || | 2 | 52 | | | 1 |
29 | | | 1 | 53 | ||| | 3 |
31 | | | 1 | 54 | | | 1 |
33 | || | 2 | 57 | | | 1 |
34 | | | 1 | 59 | || | 2 |
37 | |||| | 4 | 61 | | | 1 |
38 | || | 2 | 62 | | | 1 |
39 | |||| | 4 | 67 | | | 1 |
问题6:一次掷骰子25次,得到以下分数:
1、5、2、4、3、6、1、4、2、5、1、6、2、6、3、5、4、1、3、2、3、6、1、5、2
准备分数的频率表。
解决方案:
The frequency table of the scores obtained when a die is thrown can be shown as –
Die | Tally marks |
Scores (frequency) |
1 | 5 | |
2 | 5 | |
3 | |||| | 4 |
4 | ||| | 3 |
5 | |||| | 4 |
6 | |||| | 4 |
问题7:在每天的事故数量研究中,对30天的观察结果如下:
6,3,5,6,4,3,2,5,4,2,4,2,1,2,2,0,5,4,6,1,1,6,0,5,3,6, 1,5,5,2,6
准备频率分布表。
解决方案:
The frequency distribution table of the number of accidents per day for a period of 30 days can be shown as –
Number of accidents | Tall marks |
Number of days (frequency) |
0 | || | 2 |
1 | ||| | 3 |
2 | 6 | |
3 | ||| | 3 |
4 | |||| | 4 |
5 | 6 | |
6 | 6 |
问题8:为您的学校中30个VIII级学生的以下年龄(以年为单位)准备一个频率表:
13、14、13、12、14、13、14、15、13、14、13、14、16、14、13、14、15、15、16、13、14、13、12、17、13, 12、13、13、13、14
解决方案:
The frequency table of the ages of 30 students of class VIII in the school can be shown as –
Age (In Years) | Tally marks |
Number of students (frequency) |
12 | |||| | 4 |
13 | 12 | |
14 | 9 | |
15 | || | 2 |
16 | || | 2 |
17 | | | 1 |
问题9:以下数字与工厂中15名工人的每周工资(卢比)有关:
300、250、200、250、200、150、350、200、250、200、150、300、150、200、250
准备频率表。
(i)工资的幅度是多少(单位为卢比)?
(ii)有多少工人获得卢比。 350?
(iii)有多少工人正在获得最低工资?
解决方案:
The frequency table of the weekly wages of 15 workers in a factory can be shown as –
Wages (In Rs.) | Tally marks |
Number of workers (frequency) |
150 | ||| | 3 |
200 | 5 | |
250 | |||| | 4 |
300 | || | 2 |
350 | | | 1 |
(i) The range of wages (in Rs.) is 350-150 = 200.
(ii) The number of workers getting Rs. 350 is 1
(iii) Here, The minimum wage is 150. So, the number of workers earning minimum wages is 3.
问题10:为25名学生在学校八年级的历史测验中获得的以下分数构建频率分布表:
9,17,12,20,9,18,25,17,19,9,12,9,12,18,17,19,20,25,9,12,17,19,19,20,9
(i)商标的范围是多少?
(ii)最高分数是多少?
(iii)哪个商标的出现频率更高?
解决方案:
The frequency distribution table of the marks obtained by 25 students in a history test in class VIII of a school can be shown as-
Marks | Tally marks |
Number of students (frequency) |
9 | 6 | |
12 | |||| | 4 |
17 | |||| | 4 |
18 | || | 2 |
19 | |||| | 4 |
20 | ||| | 3 |
25 | || | 2 |
(i) The range of marks is 25-9 = 16.
(ii) The highest mark is 25.
(iii) The mark that occurs most frequently is 9. It occurs 6 times.