因子是一个数或代数表达式,它均匀地划分另一个数或表达式,即其余数为0。(或)因数乘以得到其他数,则因子为小数。对于示例1、2、4、7、14、28是28的因数。
- 质因数形式:如果我们以质因数乘积形式写一个数字。这就是所谓的主要因素形式。
Example: 70 = 2 * 5 * 7; (here 2, 5, 7 are factors of 70; speacially these are also called prime factors as these (2, 5, 7 are prime numbers)
- 代数表达因子:同样,我们可以将代数表达表达为其因子的乘积。如果不能进一步简化代数表达式,则它是其因素。
Example: 8xy = 8 * x * y (here 8xy is formed by multiplication of numbers(8, x, y) are factors of that number)
因式分解
因式分解不过是将数字写为较小数字的乘积而已。它是将一个或多个数学对象分解为更小或更简单的数字/对象。分解过程包括:
1.共同因素法
- 步骤1:首先,将代数表达的每个项分解为不可约因子
- 步骤2:然后在其中找到常用术语。
- 步骤3:现在,常用术语与其余术语的乘积即为所需的因子表。
示例:因数3x + 18?
解决方案:
Step 1: First splitting every term into irreducible factors.
3x = 3 * x;
18 = 2 * 3 * 3;
Step 2: Next step to find the common term
3 is the only common term
Step 3: Now the roduct of common terms and remaining terms is 3(x + 6)
So 3(x + 6) is the required form.
2.通过重组分解
有时,给定表达式的术语应以这种方式排列在适当的组中。这样所有的团体都有一个共同的因素。
示例1:分解x 2 + yz + xy + xz?
解决方案:
Here we don’t have a common term for all. So we are taking (x2 + xy) as one group and (yz + xz) as another group.
Factor form of (x2 + xy) = (x * x) + (x * y)
= x(x + y)
Factor form of (yz + xz) = (y * z) + (x * z)
= z(x + y)
After combining them,
x2 + yz + xy + xz = x(x + y) + z(x + y)
Taking (x + y) as common we get,
x2 + yz + xy + xz = (x + y) (x + z)
示例2:分解2xy + 3 + 2y + 3x?
解决方案:
2xy + 2y + 3x + 3 [here we are rearranging terms to check if we get common terms or not]
2y (x + 1) + 3(x + 1)
(2y + 3) (x + 1)
3.使用身份分解
有许多标准身份。其中一些如下:
一世。 (a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
ii。 (a – b) 2 = a 2 – 2ab + b 2
iii。 a 2 – b 2 =(a + b)(a – b)
示例1:因数x 2 + 8x + 16?
解决方案:
This is in the form of (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
x2 + 8x + 16 = x2 + 2 * x * 4 + 42
= (x + 4)2
= (x + 4) (x + 4)
示例2:将2分解为20a + 100?
解决方案:
This in the form of (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
a2 – 20a + 100 = a2 – 2 * a * 10 + 102
= (a – 10)2
= (a – 10) (a – 10)
示例3:分解25x 2 – 49?
解决方案:
This in the form of a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
25x2 – 49 = (5x)2 – 72
= (5x + 7) (5x – 7)
4.形式为(x + a)(x + b)的因数
在这种方法中,我们需要分解给定的表达式,使得(x + a)(x + b)= x 2 +(a + b)x + ab。
范例:分解为m 2 + 10m + 21?
解决方案:
This is in the form of (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
Where x = m; (a + b) = 10; ab = 21;
On solving we get a = 3; b = 7;
On substitution we get
m2 + 10m + 21 = m2 + (3 + 7)m + 3 * 7
= (m + 3)(m + 7)
代数表达式的除法
1.单项式除以单项式
范例1:将35abc除以5ab?
解决方案:
Convert each term into irreducable form
35abc = 5 * 7 * a * b * c
5ab = 5 * a * b
Normal division,
35abc / 5ab = 5 * 7 * a * b * c / 5 * a * b
= 7c
范例2:将14x 5除以2x 3 ?
解决方案:
14x5 = 2 * 7 * x * x * x * x * x
2x3 = 2 * x * x * x
14x5 / 2x3 = 2 * 7 * x * x * x * x * x / 2 * x * x * x
= 7x2
2.用多项式除多项式
例如:将8x 4 – 16x 3 + 12x 2 + 4x除以4x?
解决方案:
8x4 – 16x3 + 12x2 + 4x / 4x
=> 4x(2x3 – 4x2 – 3x – 1) / 4x (Taking 4x as common and dividing it with denominator)
=> 2x3 – 4x2 – 3x – 1
3.多项式除以多项式
示例:将16a 2 + 8除以4a + 2?
解决方案:
16a2 + 8 / 4a + 2
=> 4a(4a + 2) / (4a + 2) (here we took 4a common)
=> 4a