问题1.ΔABC和ΔDBC是在同一底BC上的两个等腰三角形,而顶点A和D在BC的同一侧(见图)。如果将AD扩展为在P处与BC相交,则表明
(i)ΔABD≅ΔACD
(ii)ΔABP≅ΔACP
(iii)AP将∠A和∠D一分为二。
(iv)AP是BC的垂直平分线。
解决方案:
Given: ∆ABC and ∆DCB are isosceles ∆on the same base BC.
To show:
- ΔABD ≅ ΔACD
- ΔABP ≅ ΔACP
- AP bisects ∠A as well as ∠D.
- AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
i) in ∆ABD and ∆ACB
AB=AC
BD=CD
AD=AD
∆ABD≅∆ACD ————-(S.S.S)
ii) in ∆ABP and ∆ACP
AB=AC
∠ BAP≅∠CAP [∆ABD≅∆ACD BY C.P.CT]
AP=AP ———[common]
∴[∆ABD≅∆ACD ———–[S.A.S]
iii) [∆ABD≅∆ACD ———–[S.A.S]
∠BAD=∠CAD
AD, bisects ∠A
AP, bisects ∠A —————–1
In ∆ BDP and ∆DPB
BD=CD —————(GIVEN)
DP=PC ———-[∆AB≅ ∆ACP C.P.C.T]
DP=DP ———–[common]
∴∆BDP≅∆CDP (S.S.S)
∠BDP=∠CDP (C.P.C.T)
DP bisects ∠D
AP bisects ∠D ——————-2
From 1 and 2, AP bisects ∠ A as well as ∠ D
iv) ∠ AP +∠APC =180° ————[linear pair]
∠APB=∠APC ————-[∆ABP≅∆ACP C.P.CT]
∠APB + ∠APC=180°
2 ∠ APB=180°
∠APB=180/2=90°
BP=PC (FROM ii)
∴AP is ⊥ bisects of BC.
问题2:AD是等腰三角形ABC的高度,其中AB = AC。显示
(i)公元二等分BC(ii)公元二等分∠A。
解决方案:
Given: AB=AC, AD altitude
To Show:
(i) AD bisects BC (ii) AD bisects ∠A.
In ∆ADB and ∆ADC
∠ADB=∠ADC ——– ———–[each 90°] R
AB=AC ——————–[given]S
AD=AD ——–[common]S
∴ ∆ADB ≅∆ADC
BD=DC ————-[c.p.c.t]
∴AD bisects BC
∠1=∠2 ————-[c.p.c.t]
∴AD bisects ∠A
问题3.两侧AB和BC以及一个三角形ABC的中值AM分别等于边PQ和QR以及ΔPQR的中值PN(见图7.40)。显示:
(i)ΔABM≅ΔPQN
(ii)ΔABC≅PQR
解决方案:
Given:
AB=PQ
BC=QR
AM=PN
AM and PN are medians
To show:(i) ΔABM ≅ ΔPQN (ii) ΔABC ≅ PQR
Solution: In ΔABM and ΔPQN
AB=PQ
AM=PN
because AM and PN are medians BC=QR
therefore =1/2BC=1/2QR
∴BM=QN
∴) ΔABM ≅ ΔPQN ———[S.S.S]
∠B=∠Q ——–[c.p.c.t]
ii)now in ΔABC and ΔPQR
AB=PQ ———-[given]
∠B=∠Q from (i)
BC=QR —————-[given]
∴ ΔABC ≅ PQR [S.A.S]
问题4. BE和CF是三角形ABC的两个相等的高度。使用RHS全等法则,证明三角形ABC是等腰的。
解决方案:
Given: altitude BE and CF are equal
To prove: ΔABC is an isosceles Δ
In ΔBEC and ΔCEB
∠E=∠F —————-[each 90°] R
BC=BC —————–[common] H
BF=CF —————-[given] S
# ΔBEC ≅ ΔCEB [R.H.S]
∠C=∠B ————-[C.P.C.T]
In ΔABC,
∠C=∠B
问题5. ABC是等腰三角形,AB = AC。画AP⊥BC表示∠B=∠C。
解决方案:
Given:
In ∆ABC,
AB=BC
AP ⊥ BC
to show that: ∠B = ∠C.
Solution:
In ∆APB and ∆APC
∠APB = ∠APC —————[ each 90°] R
AB=AC ——————-[given] H
AP=AP ——————–[common] S
∴∆APB ≅ ∆APC ———-[R.H.S]
∠B = ∠C —————[C.P.C.T]