第 12 类 RD Sharma 解决方案 – 第 30 章线性规划 – 练习 30.2 |设置 2

问题 11.最小化 Z = 5x + 3y

受制于

2x + y ≥ 10

x + 3y ≥ 15

x ≤ 10

y≤8

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

2x + y = 10, x + 3y = 15, x = 10, y = 8

Area shown by 2x + y ≥ 10:

The line 2x + y = 10 meets the coordinate axes at A(5, 0) and B(0, 10) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line 2x + y = 10.

Thus,

(0,0) does not assure the in equation 2x + y ≥ 10. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation 2x + y ≥ 10.

The area represented by x + 3y ≥ 15:

The line x + 3y = 15 connects the coordinate axes at C(15, 0) and D(0, 5) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + 3y = 15.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation x + 3y ≥ 15.  

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x + 3y ≥ 15.

The line x = 10 is the line that passes through the point (10, 0) and is parallel to Y axis.x ≤ 10 is the area to the left of the line 

x = 10.

The line y = 8 is the line that passes through the point (0, 8) and is parallel to X axis.y ≤ 8 is the area below the line y = 8.

The area shows by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Thus, 

All point in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shows by the in equations x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, 2x + y ≥ 10, x + 3y ≥ 15, x ≤ 10, y ≤ 8, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 are as 

follows.

The corner points of the suitable region are 

E(3, 4),

H$(10,\ \frac{5}{3})$, 

F(10, 8) and 

G(1, 8).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point	Z = 5x + 3y
E(3, 4)	5 × 3 + 3 × 4 = 27
H(10,53)	5 × 10 + 3× $\frac{5}{3}$ = 55
F(10, 8)	5 × 10 + 3 × 8 = 74
G(1, 8)	5 × 1 + 3 × 8 = 29

Hence, 

The minimum value of Z is 27 at the point F(3, 4). 

Therefore, 

x = 3 and y =4 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Hence, the best value of Z is 27.

问题 12.最小化 Z = 30x + 20y

受制于

x + y ≤ 8

x + 4y ≥ 12

5x + 8y = 20

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x + y = 8, x + 4y = 12, x = 0 and y = 0

5x + 8y = 20 is already an equation.

The area shows by x + y ≤ 8:

The line x + y = 8 connects the coordinate axes at A(8, 0) and B(0, 8) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + y = 8.

Thus,

(0,0) assures the in equation x + y ≤ 8. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x + y ≤ 8.

The area shows by x + 4y ≥ 12:

The line x + 4y = 12 connects the coordinate axes at C(12, 0) and D(0, 3) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + 4y = 12.

Thus, 

(0,0) assure the in equation x + 4y ≥ 12. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation x + 4y ≥ 12.

The line 5x + 8y = 20 is the line that passes through E(4, 0) and F $(0,\ \frac{5}{2})$.

The area shows by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Thus, 

All point in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shows by the in equations x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, x + y ≤ 8, x + 4y ≥ 12, 5x + 8y = 20, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 are as follows.

The corner points of the suitable area are B(0,8), D(0,3), G $\left(\frac{20}{3},\ \frac{4}{3}\right)$.
The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point	Z = 30x + 20y
B(0,8)	160
D(0,3)	60
G $\left(\frac{20}{3},\ \frac{4}{3}\right)$	266.66

Hence, 

The minimum value of Z is 60 at the point D(0,3).  

Therefore, 

x = 0 and y =3 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 60.

问题 13. 最大化 Z = 4x + 3y

受制于

3x + 4y ≤ 24

8x + 6y ≤ 48

x ≤ 6000

x ≤ y

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Here, we need to maximize Z = 4x + 3y

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

3x + 4y = 24, 8x + 6y = 48, x = 5 , y = 6, x = 0 and y = 0.

The line 3x + 4y = 24 connects the coordinate axis at A(8, 0) and B(0,6). 

Connects these points to get the line 3x + 4y = 24.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation 3x + 4y ≤ 24.

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

The line 8x + 6y = 48 connects the coordinate axis at C(6, 0) and D(0,8). 

Connect these points to get the line 8x + 6y = 48.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation 8x + 6y  ≤ 48. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

x = 5 is the line passing through x = 5 parallel to the Y axis.

y = 6 is the line passing through y = 6 parallel to the X axis.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations.

These lines are drawn using a suitable scale.

The corner points of the feasible region are O(0, 0), G(5, 0), F $(5,\ \frac{4}{3})$, E $(\frac{24}{7},\ \frac{24}{7})$ and B(0, 6).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
 

Corner point	Z = 4x + 3y
O(0, 0)	4× 0 + 3 × 0 = 0
G(5, 0) G5, 0	4 × 5 + 3 × 0 = 20
F $(5,\ \frac{4}{3})$	4 × 5 + 3 × $\frac{4}{3}$ = 24
E $(\frac{24}{7},\ \frac{24}{7})$	4 × $\frac{24}{7}$ + 3 × $\frac{24}{7}$ = $\frac{168}{7}$= 24
B(0, 6)B0, 6	4 × 0 + 3 × 6 = 18

Here we can see that the maximum value of the objective function Z is 24 which is at F $(5,\ \frac{4}{3})$ and E $(\frac{24}{7},\ \frac{24}{7})$.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 24.

问题 14.最小化 Z = x – 5y + 20

受制于

x – y ≥ 0

-x + 2y ≥ 2

x ≥ 3

y≤4

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x − y = 0, − x + 2y = 2, x = 3, y = 4, x = 0 and y = 0. 

The area shown by x − y ≥ 0 or x ≥ y:

The line x − y = 0 or x = y passes through the origin.The area to the right of the line x = y will assure the given in equation.

Now we will check by taking an example like if we take a point (4, 3) to the right of the line x = y .

Here, x ≥ y.

Thus, 

It assure the given in equation.  

Take a point (4, 5) to the left of the line x = y. Here, x ≤ y. That means it does not assure the given in equation.
 
The area shown by − x + 2y ≥ 2:

The line − x + 2y = 2 connects the coordinate axes at A(−2, 0) and B(0, 1) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line − x + 2y = 2.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation − x + 2y ≥ 2. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation − x + 2y ≥ 2 .

The line x = 3 is the line that passes through the point (3, 0) and is parallel to Y axis. x ≥ 3 is the area to the right of the 

line x = 3.

The line y = 4 is the line that passes through the point (0, 4) and is parallel to X axis. y ≤ 4 is the area below the line y = 4.
 
The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All point in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints x − y ≥ 0,− x + 2y ≥ 2, x ≥ 3, y ≤ 4, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 are as follows.

 

The corner points of the suitable area are C $(3,\ \frac{5}{2})$, D(3, 3), E(4, 4) and F(6, 4).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point	Z = x  − 5y + 20
C $(3,\ \frac{5}{2})$	3 − 5 × $\frac{5}{2}$ + 20 = $\frac{21}{2}$
D(3, 3)D3, 3	3 − 5 × 3 + 20 = 8
E(4, 4)	4 − 5 × 4 + 20 = 4
F(6, 4)	6 − 5 × 4 + 20 = 6

Hence, 

The minimum value of Z is 4 at the point E(4, 4). 

Therefore, 

x = 4 and y = 4 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Hence, 

The best value of Z is 4.

问题 15. 最大化 Z = 3x + 5y

受制于

x + 2y ≤ 20

x + y ≤ 15

y≤15

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Here we need to maximize Z = 3x + 5y

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x + 2y = 20, x + y = 15, y = 5, x = 0 and y = 0.

The line x + 2y = 20 connects the coordinate axis at A(20, 0) and B(0,10). 

Connect these points to get the line x + 2y = 20.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assume the in equation x + 2y ≤ 20. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

The line x + y = 15 connect the coordinate axis at C(15, 0) and D(0,15). 

Connect these points to get the line x + y = 15.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assume the in equation x + y ≤ 15. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

y = 5 is the line passing through (0, 5) and parallel to the X axis. The area below the line y = 5 will assure the given in equation.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the point in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations.

These lines are drawn using a suitable scale.

The corner points of the suitable area are O(0, 0), C(15, 0), E(10, 5) and F(0, 5)

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
 

Corner point	Z = 3x + 5y
O(0, 0)	3 × 0 + 5 × 0 = 0
C(15, 0)	3 × 15 + 5 × 0 = 45
E(10, 5)	3 × 10 + 5 × 5 = 55
F(0, 5)	3 × 0 + 5 × 5 = 25

Here we can see that the maximum value of the objective function Z is 55 which is at E(10, 5).

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 55.

问题 16.最小化 Z = 3x ₁ + 5x ₂

受制于

x ₁ + x ₂ ≥ 3

x ₁ + x ₂ ≥ 2

x ₁ , x ₂ ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x₁ + 3x₂ = 3, x₁ + x₂ = 2, x₁ = 0 and x₂ = 0

The area shown by x₁ + 3x₂ ≥ 3 :

The line x₁ + 3x₂ = 3 connects the coordinate axes at A(3, 0) and B(0, 1) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x₁ + 3x₂ = 3.

Thus,

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x₁ + 3x₂ ≥ 3.

Thus,

The area in the plane which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x₁ + 3x₂ ≥ 3.

The area shown by x₁ + x₂ ≥ 2:

The line x₁ + x₂ = 2 connects the coordinate axes at C(2, 0) and D(0, 2) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x₁ + x₂ = 2.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x₁ + x₂ ≥ 2. 

Thus,

The area having the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x₁ + x₂ ≥ 2.

The area shown by x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, x₁ + 3x₂ ≥ 3 , x₁ + x₂ ≥ 2, x₁ ≥ 0, and x₂ ≥ 0, are as follows.

The corner points of the suitable area are O(0, 0), B(0, 1), E $(\frac{3}{2},\ \frac{1}{2})$ and C(2, 0).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

 

Corner point	Z = 3x1 + 5x2
O(0, 0)	3 × 0 + 5 × 0 = 0
B(0, 1)	3 × 0 + 5 × 1 = 5
E $(\frac{3}{2},\ \frac{1}{2})$	3 × $\frac{3}{2}$ + 5 × $\frac{1}{2}$ = 7
C(2, 0)	3 × 2 + 5 × 0 = 6

Hence, 

The minimum value of Z is 0 at the point O(0, 0). 

Hence, 

x₁ = 0 and x₂ = 0 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 0.

问题 17. 最大化 Z = 2x + 3y

受制于

x + y ≥ 1

10x + y ≥ 5

x + 10y ≥ 1

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x + y = 1, 10x +y = 5, x + 10y = 1, x = 0 and y = 0

The area shown by x + y ≥ 1:

The line x + y = 1 connects the coordinate axes at A(1, 0) and B(0,1) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + y = 1.

Thus,

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x + y ≥ 1. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x + y ≥ 1.

The area shown by 10x +y ≥ 5:

The line 10x +y = 5 connect the coordinate axes at C $(\frac{1}{2},\ 0)$ and D(0, 5) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line 10x +y = 5.

Thus,

(0,0) does not assure the in equation 10x +y ≥ 5. 

Thus, the area which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation 10x +y ≥ 5.

The area shown by x + 10y ≥ 1:

The line x + 10y = 1 connect the coordinate axes at A(1, 0) and F $(0,\ \frac{1}{10})$ respectively. 

After connecting these points we will have the line x + 10y = 1.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x + 10y ≥ 1. 

Thus, the area which does not have the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x + 10y ≥ 1.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Here, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints x + y ≥ 1, 10x +y ≥ 5, x + 10y ≥ 1, x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0, are as follows.

The suitable area is unbounded.

Hence, 

The maximum value is infinity i.e. the solution is unbounded.

问题 18.最大化 Z = -x ₁ + 2x ₂

受制于

-x ₁ + 3x ₂ ≤ 10

x ₁ + x ₂ ≤ 6

x ₁ – x ₂ ≤ 2

x ₁ , x ₂ ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

−x₁ + 3x₂ = 10, x₁ + x₂ = 6, x₁ + x₂ = 2, x₁ = 0 and x₂ = 0

The area shown by −x₁ + 3x₂ ≤ 10:

The line −x₁ + 3x₂ = 10 coincide the coordinate axes at A(−10, 0) and B $(0,\ \frac{10}{3})$ respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line −x₁ + 3x₂ = 10.

Thus, 

(0,0) satisfies the in equation −x₁ + 3x₂ ≤ 10 .

Thus,

The area region in the plane which have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation

−x₁ + 3x₂ ≤ 10.

The area shown by x₁ + x₂ ≤ 6:

The line x₁ + x₂ = 6 connects the coordinate axes at C(6, 0) and D(0, 6) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x₁ + x₂ = 6.

Thus, 

(0,0) assure the in equation x₁ + x₂ ≤ 6. 

Thus,

The area having the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x₁ + x₂ ≤ 6.

The area shown by x₁− x₂ ≤ 2:

The line x₁ − x₂ = 2 coincide the coordinate axes at E(2, 0) and F(0, −2) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x₁ − x₂ = 2.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation x₁− x₂ ≤ 2. 

Thus,

The area having the origin represents the solution set of the in equation x₁− x₂ ≤ 2.

The area shown by x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the region shown by the in equations x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, −x₁ + 3x₂ ≤ 10, x₁ + x₂ ≤ 6, x₁− x₂ ≤ 2, x₁ ≥ 0, and x₂ ≥ 0, are as follows.

The corner points of the assure area are O(0, 0), E(2, 0), H(4, 2), G(2, 4) and B $(0,\ \frac{10}{3})$.

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

 

Corner point	Z = −x1 + 2x2
O(0, 0)	−1 × 0 + 2 × 0 = 0
E(2, 0)	−1 × 2 + 2 × 0 = −2
H(4, 2)	−1 × 4 + 2 × 2 = 0
G(2, 4)	−1 × 2 + 2 × 4 = 6
B $(0,\ \frac{10}{3})$	−1 × 0 + 2 × $\frac{10}{3}$ = $\frac{20}{3}$

Here we can see that the maximum value of the objective function Z is $\frac{20}{3}$ which is at B $(0,\ \frac{10}{3})$.

问题 19.最大化 Z = -x + y

受制于

-2x + y ≤ 1

x ≤ 2

x + y ≤ 3

x, x ≥ 0

解决方案：

Here we need to maximize Z = x + y

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

−2x + y = 1, x = 2, x + y = 3, x = 0 and y = 0.

The line −2x + y = 1 coincide the coordinate axis at A $(\frac{-1}{2},\ 0)$ and B(0, 1). 

Now connect these points to get the line −2x + y = 1 .

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation −2x + y ≤ 1. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

x = 2 is the line passing through (2, 0) and parallel to the Y axis.

The area below the line x = 2 will assure the given in equation.

The line x + y = 3 coincide the coordinate axis at C(3, 0) and D(0, 3). 

Connect these points to get the line x + y = 3.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation x + y ≤ 3. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin shows the solution set of the given equation.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assures these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations.

These lines are drawn using a satisfactory scale.

The corner points of the suitable area are O(0, 0),G(2, 0), E(2, 1) and F $(\frac{2}{3},\ \frac{7}{3})$

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
 

Corner point	Z = x + y
O(0, 0)	0 +  0 = 0
C(2, 0)	2 + 0 = 2
E(2, 1)	2 +1 = 3
F $(\frac{2}{3},\ \frac{7}{3})$	$\frac{2}{3}+\frac{7}{3}=\frac{9}{3}=3$

Here we can see that the maximum value of the objective function Z is 3 which is at E(2, 1) and F $(\frac{2}{3},\ \frac{7}{3})$.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 3.

问题 20。 最大化 Z = -3x ₁ + 4x ₂

受制于

x ₁ – x ₂ ≤ -1

x ₁ + x ₂ ≤ 0

x ₁ , x ₂ ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x₁ − x₂ = −1, −x₁ + x₂ = 0, x₁ = 0 and x₂ = 0

The area shown by x₁ − x₂ ≤ −1:

The line x₁ − x₂ = −1 coincide the coordinate axes at A(−1, 0) and B(0, 1) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x₁ − x₂ = −1.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assures the in equation x₁ − x₂ ≤ −1 .

Thus,

The area in the plane which does not have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation x₁ − x₂ ≤ −1.

The area shown by −x₁ + x₂ ≤ 0 or x₁ ≥ x₂:

The line −x₁ + x₂ = 0 or x₁ = x₂ is the line passing through (0, 0).

The area to the right of the line x₁ = x₂ will assure the given in equation −x₁ + x₂ ≤ 0.

If we mark a point (1, 3) to the left of the line x₁ = x₂. 

Here, 1≤3 which is not assuring the in equation x₁ ≥ x₂. 

Hence, 

The area to the right of the line x₁ = x₂ will assure the given in equation −x₁ + x₂ ≤ 0.

The area shown by x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0:

Thus, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. 

Thus, 

The first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations x₁ ≥ 0 and x₂ ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, x₁ − x₂ ≤ −1, −x₁ + x₂ ≤ 0, x₁ ≥ 0, and x₂ ≥ 0, are as follows.

Here we can see that the suitable area of the given LPP does not exist.