第 12 类 RD Sharma 解决方案 – 第 30 章线性规划 – 练习 30.2 |设置 3

问题 21：最大化 Z = 3x + 3y，如果可能，

受约束

x - y ≤ 1

x + y ≥ 3

x, y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x − y = 1, x + y = 3, x = 0 and y = 0

The area shown by x − y ≤ 1:

The line x − y = 1 coincide the coordinate axes at A(1, 0) and B(0, −1) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x − y = 1.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation x + y ≤ 8. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which have the origin shown the solution set of the in equation x − y ≤ 1.

The area shown by x + y ≥ 3:

The line x + y = 3 coincide the coordinate axes at C(3, 0) and D(0, 3) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + y = 3.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation x + y ≥ 3. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin show the solution set of the in equation x + y ≥ 3.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations 

x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints x − y ≤ 1, x + y ≥ 3, x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0 are as follows.

The suitable area is unbounded.

We will get the maximum value at infinity.

Hence,

Maximum value will be infinity i.e. the solution is unbounded.

问题 22. 在方格纸上显示下列不等式的解区：

5x + y ≥ 10

x + y ≥ 6

x + 4y ≥ 12

x≥0，

y≥0

找到 x 和 y，其中 3x + 2y 是这些不等式的最小值。使用图形方法。

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

5x + y = 10, x +y = 6, x + 4y = 12, x = 0 and y = 0

The area shown by 5x + y ≥ 10:

The line 5x + y = 10  coincide the coordinate axes at A(2, 0) and B(0, 10) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line 5x + y = 10.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation 5x + y ≥ 10. 

Thus,

The area in xy plane which does not have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation 5x + y ≥ 10.

The area shown by x +y  ≥ 6:

The line x +y = 6 coincide the coordinate axes at C(6,0) and D(0, 6) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line 2x +3y = 30.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x +y  ≥ 6. 

Thus,

The area which does not have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation 2x +3y ≥ 30.

The area shown by x + 4y ≥ 12

The line x + 4y = 12 coincide the coordinate axes at E(12, 0) and F(0, 3) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line x + 4y = 12.

Thus, 

(0,0) does not assure the in equation x + 4y ≥ 12. 

Thus,

The area which does not have the origin shows the solution set of the in equation x + 4y ≥  12.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the inequations 

x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints 5x + y ≥ 10, x +y  ≥ 6,x + 4y ≥ 12, x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0, are as follows.

The corner points of the suitable area are B(0, 10), G(1,5), H(4,2) and E(12,0).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point	Z = 3x + 2y
B(0, 10)	3 × 0 + 3 × 10 = 30
G(1,5)	3 × 1 + 2 × 5 = 13
H(4,2)	3 × 4 + 2 × 2 = 16
E(12,0)	3 × 12 + 2 × 0 = 36

Hence, 

The minimum value of Z is 13 at the point G(1,5). 

Therefore, 

x = 1 and y = 5 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Therefore, the best value of Z is 13.

问题 23：求 2x + y 受约束的最大值和最小值：

x + 3y ≥ 6，

x − 3y ≤ 3,

3x + 4y ≤ 24,

− 3x + 2y ≤ 6，

5x + y ≥ 5，

x, y ≥ 0。

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

x + y = 4, x + y = 3, x − 2y = 2, x = 0 and y = 0.

The line x + 3y = 6 coincide the coordinate axis at A(6, 0)A6, 0 and B(0, 2). 

Connect these points to get the line x + 3y = 6.

Thus, 

(0, 0) does not assure the in equation x + 3y ≥ 6. Thus, the area in xy-plane that does not have the origin represents the

solution set of the given equation.

The line x − 3y = 3 coincide the coordinate axis at C(3, 0) and D(0, −1). 

Connect these points to get the line x − 3y = 3.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation x − 3y ≤ 3. Thus, the area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given

equation.

The line 3x + 4y = 24 meets the coordinate axis at E(8, 0) and F(0, 6). Join these points to get the line 3x + 4y = 24.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation 3x + 4y ≤ 24. Thus, the area in xy-plane that have the origin shows the solution set of the given 

equation.

The line −3x + 2y = 6 coincide the coordinate axis at G(−2, 0) and H(0, 3). 

Connect these points to get the line −3x + 2y = 6.

Thus, (0, 0) assure the in equation −3x + 2y ≤ 6. 

Thus, 

The area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given equation.

The line 5x + y = 5 coincide the coordinate axis at I(1, 0)I1, 0 and J(0, 5). 

Connect these points to get the line 5x + y = 5.

Thus, 

(0, 0) does not assure the in equation 5x + y ≥ 5. Thus, the area in xy-plane that does not have the origin have the 

solution set of the given equation.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these inequations. Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations.

These lines are drawn using a satisfactory scale.

The corner points of the suitable area

 are P $(\frac{4}{13},\ \frac{45}{13})$ , K $(\frac{4}{3},\ 5)$, L $(\frac{84}{13},\ \frac{15}{13})$, M $(\frac{9}{2},\ \frac{1}{2})$,

N $(\frac{9}{14},\ \frac{25}{14})$ 

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
 

Corner point	Z = 2x + y
P $(\frac{4}{13},\ \frac{45}{13})$	2 × $\frac{4}{13}+\frac{45}{13}=\frac{53}{13}$
K $(\frac{4}{3},\ 5)$	2 × $\frac{4}{3}$+ 5 = $\frac{23}{3}$
L  $(\frac{84}{13},\ \frac{15}{13})$	2 × $\frac{84}{13}+\frac{15}{13}=\frac{183}{13}$
M $(\frac{9}{2},\ \frac{1}{2})$	2 × $\frac{9}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{19}{2}$
N $(\frac{9}{14},\ \frac{25}{14})$	2 × $\frac{9}{14}+\frac{25}{14}=\frac{43}{14}$

Here, we can see that the minimum value of the objective function Z is $\frac{43}{14}$ which is at N $(\frac{9}{14},\ \frac{25}{14})$  

and maximum value of the objective function is $\frac{183}{13}$ which is at L $(\frac{84}{13},\ \frac{15}{13})$.

问题 24：求 3x + 5y 受约束的最小值

− 2x + y ≤ 4，

x + y ≥ 3，

x − 2y ≤ 2,

x, y ≥ 0。

解决方案：

Convert the given in equations into equations, we will get the following equations:

−2x + y = 4, x + y = 3, x − 2y = 2, x = 0 and y = 0.

The line −2x + y = 4 coincide the coordinate axis at A(−2, 0)A-2, 0 and B(0, 4). 

Connect these points to obtain the line −2x + y = 4.

Thus, (0, 0) assure the in equation −2x + y ≤ 4. So, the area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the 

given equation.

The line x + y = 3 coincide the coordinate axis at C(3, 0) and D(0, 3). 

Connect these points to get the line x + y = 3.

Thus, 

(0, 0) does not assure the in equation x + y ≥ 3. Thus, the area in xy-plane that does not have the origin shows the solution set 

of the given equation.

The line x − 2y = 2 coincide the coordinate axis at E(2, 0) and F(0, −1). 

Connect these points to get the line x − 2y = 2.

Thus, 

(0, 0) assure the in equation x − 2y ≤ 2. Thus, the area in xy-plane that have the origin represents the solution set of the given 

equation.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations.

These lines are drawn using a satisfactory scale.

The corner points of the suitable area are B(0, 4), D(0, 3) and G $(\frac{8}{3},\ \frac{1}{3})$.

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
 

Corner point	Z = 3x + 5y
B(0, 4)	3 × 0+ 5 × 4 = 20
D(0, 3)	3 × 0+ 5 × 3 = 15
G $(\frac{8}{3},\ \frac{1}{3})$	3 × $\frac{8}{3}$+ 5 × $\frac{1}{3}$ = $\frac{29}{3}$

Here we can see that the minimum value of the objective function Z is $\frac{29}{3}$ which is at G $(\frac{8}{3},\ \frac{1}{3})$.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is $\frac{29}{3}$.

问题 25：以图形方式解决了以下线性规划问题：

最大化 Z = 60x + 15y

受约束

x + y ≤ 50

3x + y ≤ 90

x, y≥0

解决方案：

Here we have to maximize Z = 60x + 15y

Convert the given in equations into equations, we get the following equations:

x + y = 50, 3x + y = 90, x = 0 and y = 0

The area shown by x + y  ≤ 50:

The line x + y  = 50 coincide the coordinate axes at A(50,0) and B(0,50) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get line 3x + 5y = 15.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation x + y  ≤ 50. Thus, the area having the origin shows the solution set of the in equation x + y  ≤ 50.

The area shown by 3x + y ≤ 90:

The line 3x + y = 90 coincide the coordinate axes at C(30, 0) and D(0, 90) respectively. 

After connecting these points we will get the line 3x + y = 90.

Thus,

(0,0) assure the in equation 3x + y ≤ 90. Thus, the area having the origin shows the solution set of the in equation 3x + y ≤ 90.

The area shown by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:

Hence, 

All the points in the first quadrant assure these in equations. Thus, the first quadrant is the area shown by the in equations 

x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0.

The suitable area determined by the system of constraints, x + y  ≤ 50, 3x + y ≤ 90, x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0, are as follows.

The corner points of the suitable area are O(0, 0), C(30, 0), E(20, 30) and B(0, 50).

The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.

Corner point	Z = 60x + 15y
O(0, 0)	60 × 0 + 15 × 0 = 0
C(30, 0)	60 × 30 + 15 × 0 = 1800
E(20, 30)E20, 30	60 × 20 + 15 × 30 =1650
B(0, 50)	60 × 0 + 15 × 50 = 750

Hence, 

The maximum value of Z is 1800 at the point (30, 0) at the point 30, 0.

Therefore,

x = 30 and y = 0 is the best solution of the given LPP.

Therefore, 

The best value of Z is 1800.

问题 26. 以图形方式求出 Z = 2x + 5y 的最大值，受限于以下约束：

2x + 4y ≤ 8

3x + y ≤ 6

x + y ≤ 4

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 [CBSE 2015]

解决方案：

Here, 

Maximize Z = 2x + 5y subject to the constraints

2x + 4y ≤ 8

3x + y ≤ 6

x + y ≤ 4

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

After converting the in equations into equations, we will get the following equations of straight lines:

2x + 4y = 8, 3x + y = 6, x + y = 4

The line 2x + 4y = 8 coincide the coordinate axes at (4, 0) and (0, 2).

The line 3x + y = 6 coincide the coordinate axes at (2, 0) and (0, 6).

The line x + y = 4 coincide the coordinate axes at (4, 0) and (0, 4).

The suitable area determined by the given constraints can be diagrammatically shown as,

The coordinates of the corner points of the suitable area are O(0, 0), A(0, 2), B $(\frac{8}{5},\ \frac{6}{5})$ and C(2, 0).

The value of the objective function at these points are given in the following table.
 

Corner Point	Z = 2x + 5y
(0, 0)	2 × 0 + 5 × 0 = 0
(2, 0)	2 × 2 + 5 × 0 = 4
(0, 2)	2 × 0 + 5 × 2 = 10       → Maximum
$(\frac{8}{5},\ \frac{6}{5})$	2×$\frac{8}{5}$+5×$\frac{6}{5}$=$\frac{46}{5}$

Therefore, 

The maximum value of Z is 10 at x = 0, y = 2.

问题 27：以图形方式求解以下 LPP：

最大化 Z = 20x + x + 10y

受以下约束

x + 2y ≤ 28

3x + y ≤ 24

x≥2

x,y ≥ 0

解决方案：

Here given constraints are

x + 2y ≤ 28     
   
3x + y ≤ 24  
       
x ≥ 2       
          
x, y ≥ 0              

Converting the given in equations into equations, 

we will get

x + 2y = 28, 3x + y = 24, x = 2, x = 0 and y = 0

These lines are drawn on the graph and the shaded region ABCD shown the suitable area of the given LPP.

It can be seen that the suitable area is bounded. 

The coordinates of the corner points of the suitable area are A(2, 13), B(2, 0), C(4, 12) and D(8, 0).

The values of the objective function, Z at these corner points are given in the following table:
 

Corner Point	Value of the Objective Function Z = 20x + 10y
A(2, 13)	Z = 20 × 2 + 10 × 13 = 170
B(2, 0)	Z = 20 × 2 + 10 × 0 = 40
C(8, 0)	Z = 20 × 8 + 10 × 0 = 160
D(4, 12)	Z = 20 × 4 + 10 × 12 = 200

As can be seen in the table, Z is maximum at x = 4 and y = 12 and the maximum value of Z is 200.

Therefore, 

The maximum value of Z is 200.

问题 28：以图形方式求解以下线性规划问题：

最小化 z= 6x + 3y

受约束：

4x + y ≥ 80

x + 5y ≥ 115

3x + 2y ≤ 150

x≥0，y≥0

解决方案：

Here the given constraints are

4x + y ≥ 80     
   
x + 5y ≥ 115  
       
3x + 2y ≤ 150       
          
x, y ≥ 0              

Converting the given in equations into equations, 

We will get

4x + y = 80, x + 5y = 115, 3x + 2y = 150, x = 0 and y = 0

These lines are drawn on the graph and the shaded area ABC represents the suitable area of the given LPP.

It can be seen that the suitable area is bounded. 

The coordinates of the corner points of the suitable are A(2, 72), B(15, 20) and C(40, 15).

The values of the objective function, Z at these corner points are given in the following table:
 

Corner Point	Value of the Objective Function Z = 6x + 3y
A(2, 72)	Z = 6 × 2 + 3 × 72 = 228
B(15, 20)	Z = 6 × 15 + 3 × 20 = 150
C(40, 15)	Z = 6 × 40 + 3 × 15 = 285

As seen in the table, Z is minimum at x = 15 and y = 20 and the minimum value of Z is 150.

Therefore, 

The minimum value of Z is 150.