第 12 类 RD Sharma 解 – 第 22 章微分方程 – 练习 22.3 |设置 2
问题 11:证明 y=(cx)/(1+cx) 是微分方程的解。
(1+x 2 )(dy/dx)+(1+y 2 )=0
解决方案:
We have,
y=(c-x)/(1+cx) (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=(-1-cx+cx-c2)/(1+cx)2
dy/dx=-(c2+1)/(1+cx2)2
L.H.S,
(1+x2)(dy/dx)+(1+y2)
=(1+x2)[-(c2+1)/(1+cx2)2]+[1+(c-x)2/(1+cx)2]
=
Simplify the above equation,
=0/(1+cx)2
=0
So, (1+x2)(dy/dx)+(1+y2)=0
问题 12:证明 y=e x (Acosx+Bsinx) 是微分方程的解。
d 2 y/dx 2 -2(dy/dx)+2y= 0
解决方案:
we have,
y=ex(Acosx+Bsinx) (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=ex(Acosx+Bsinx)+ex(-Asinx+Bcosx) (ii)
dy/dx=ex[(A+B)cosx-(A-B)sinx] (iii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
d2y/dx2 =ex(Acosx+Bsinx)+ex(-Asinx+Bcosx)+ex(-Asinx+Bcosx)+ex(-Acosx-Bsinx)
d2y/dx2=2ex[Bcosx-Asinx] (iv)
d2y/dx2=2ex[(A+B)cosx-(A-B)sinx] -2ex(Acosx+Bsinx)
d2y/dx2=2(dy/dx)-2y
d2y/dx2-2(dy/dx)+2y= 0
问题 13:验证 y=cx+2c 2是微分方程的解。
2(dy/dx) 2 +x(dy/dx)-y=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=cx+2c2 (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=c (ii)
L.H.S,
2(dy/dx)2+x(dy/dx)-y=2(c)2 +x(c)-cx+2c2
=0
问题 14:验证 y=-x-1 是微分方程的解。
(yx)dy-(y 2 -x 2 )dx=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=-x-1 (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=-1
L.H.S,
=(y-x)dy-(y2-x2)dx
=(y-x)(dy/dx)-(y2-x2)
=(-x-1-x)(-1)-[(-x-1)2-x2]
=(2x+1)-(x2+2x+1-x2)
=(x2-x2+2x-2x-1+1)
=0
问题 15:验证 y 2 =4a(x+a) 是微分方程的解。
y[1-(dy/dx) 2 ]=2x(dy/dx)
解决方案:
we have,
y2=4a(x+a) (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
2y(dy/dx)=4a
(dy/dx)=(2a/y)
L.H.S,
=y[1-(dy/dx)2]
=y[1-(2a/y)2]
=y[1-(4a2/y2)]
=y[(y2-4a2)/y2]
=(4a(x+a)-4a2)/y
=(4ax+4a2-4a2)/y
=[2x(2a)]/y
=2x(dy/dx)
=R.H.S
问题 16:验证 y=ce tan-1 x是微分方程的解。
(1+x 2 )(d 2 y/dx 2 )+(2x-1)(dy/dx)=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=cetan-1 x (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=cetan-1 x *(1/1+x2)
(1+x2)(dy/dx)=y (ii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
2x(dy/dx)+(1+x2)d2y/dx2=dy/dx
(2x-1)(dy/dx)+(1+x2)d2y/dx2=0
问题 17:验证 y= em cos-1 x是微分方程的解。
(1-x 2 )(d 2 y/dx 2 )-x(dy/dx)-m 2 y=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=em cos-1 x (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=
dy/dx= (ii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
(1-x2)d2y/dx2=m2y-xdy/dx
(1-x2)d2y/dx2-m2y-xdy/dx=0
问题 18:验证 y=log(x+1/√(x 2 +a 2 )) 2是微分方程的解。
(a 2 +x 2 )d 2 y/dx 2 +x(dy/dx)=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=log(x+1/√(x2+a2))2 (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=
dy/dx=
dy/dx=
(ii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
(√x2+a2)d2y/dx2+(1/(2√x2+a2))*(2x)*(dy/dx)=0
(a2+x2)d2y/dx2+x(dy/dx)=0
问题 19:证明 y=2(x 2 -1)+ce -x2的微分方程是 解决方案
dy/dx+2xy=4x 3
解决方案:
we have,
y=2(x2-1)+ce-x2 (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=4x+ce-x2(-2x)
dy/dx=4x-2cxe-x2 (ii)
L.H.S,
=dy/dx+2xy
=4x-2cxe-x2 -2x(y=2(x2-1)+ce-x2
=4x-2cxe-x2+4x3-4x+2xce-x2
=0
问题 20:证明 y=e -x +ax+c 是微分方程的解。
e x d 2 y/dx 2 =1
解决方案:
We have,
y=e-x+ax+c (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=-e-x+a (ii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
d2y/dx2=e-1
(1/e-1)d2y/dx2=1
exd2y/dx2=1
问题 21:对于以下每个微分方程,验证伴随函数是上述域中的解。
(i)函数, y=ax ,微分方程, x(dy/dx)=y
解决方案:
We have,
y=ax (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=a (ii)
From equation (i) a=(y/x)
Putting the value of a in equation (i)
(dy/dx)=a
(dy/dx)=(y/x)
x(dy/dx)=y
(ii)函数, y=±√(a 2 -x 2 ),微分方程: x+y( dy/dx)=0
解决方案:
we have,
y=±√(a2-x2) (i)
Squaring both sides, we have
y2=(a2-x2)
2y(dy/dx)=-2x
x+y(dy/dx)=0
(iii)函数, y=a/(x+a),微分方程, y+x(dy/dx)=y 2
解决方案:
We have,
y=a/(x+a) (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=a(-1)/(x+a)2
dy/dx=-a/(x+a)2
L.H.S,
=y+x(dy/dx)
=a/(x+a)-ax/(x+a)2
=(-ax+ax+a2)/(x+a)2
=a2/(x+a)2
y2
(iv)函数, y=ax+b+1/2x,微分方程, x 3 d 2 y/dx 2 =1
解决方案:
We have,
y=ax+b+1/2x (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=a+1/(-2x2)
dy/dx=a-1/2x2 (ii)
Again differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t x,
d2y/dx2=0-(-2)/(2x3)
d2y/dx2=1/x3
x3d2y/dx2=1
(v)函数, y=(1/4)*(x±a) 2 ,微分方程, y=(dy/dx) 2
解决方案:
We have,
y=(1/4)*(x±a)2
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t x,
dy/dx=(1/4)*2(x±a)
Squaring both side, we have
(dy/dx)2=(1/4)*(x±a)2
(dy/dx)2=y