第 11 类 RD Sharma 解决方案 – 第 30 章衍生物 – 练习 30.3
问题 1. 对 x 微分 f(x) = x 4 – 2sinx + 3cosx。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = x4 – 2sinx + 3cosx
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(x4 – 2sinx + 3cosx) / dx
⇒ d(x4)/dx – 2.d(sinx)/dx + 3.d(cosx)/dx
⇒ 4x3 – 2cosx – 3sinx.
问题 2. 对 x 微分 f(x) = 3 x + x 3 + 3 3 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = 3x + x3 + 33
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(3x + x3 + 33) / dx
⇒ d(3x)/dx + d(x3)/dx + d(33)/dx
⇒ 3x log3 + 3x2 + 0 [As we know, d(ax)/dx = ax loga]
⇒ 3x log3 + 3x2
问题 3. 对 x 微分 f(x) = x 3 /3 – 2√x + 5/x 2 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = x3/3 – 2√x + 5/x2
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(x3/3 – 2√x + 5/x2) / dx
⇒ 1.d(x3)/3dx – 2d(√x)/dx + 5d(x-2)/dx
⇒ 1/3.3x2 – 2.1/2.1/√x + 5(-2) x-3
⇒ x2 – x-1/2 – 10x-3
⇒ x2 – 1/√x – 10/x3
问题 4. 对 x 微分 f(x) = e xloga + e alogx + e aloga 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = exloga + ealogx + ealoga
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(exloga + ealogx + ealoga)
⇒ d(exloga)/dx + d(ealogx)/dx + d(ealoga)/dx
⇒ exloga.loga + ealogx.a/x + 0 [As we know, ealoga is constant]
⇒ loga.exloga + a/x.ealogx
⇒ loga.ax + a/x xa [Here, ax can be written as a exloga]
⇒ ax loga + axa-1
问题 5. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (2x 2 + 1)(3x + 2)。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (2x2 + 1)(3x + 2)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(2x2 + 1)(3x + 2)/dx
⇒ (3x + 2)d(2x2 + 1)/dx + (2x2 + 1)d(3x + 2)/dx
⇒ (3x + 2)(4x+0) + (2x2 + 1)(3+ 0)
⇒ (12x2 + 8x + 6x2 + 3)
⇒ 18x2 + 8x + 3.
问题 6. 对 x 求微分 f(x) = log 3 x + 3log e x + 2tanx。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = log3x + 3logex + 2tanx
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d( log3x + 3logex + 2tanx)/dx
⇒ 1/log3 d(logx)/dx + 3.d(logex)/dx + 2.d(tanx)/dx
⇒ 1/log3 × 1/x + 3/x + 2sec2x
⇒ 1/xlog3 + 3/x + 2sec2x
问题 7. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (x + 1/x) (√x + 1/√x)。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (x + 1/x) (√x + 1/√x)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d((x + 1/x) (√x + 1/√x))/dx
⇒ (x + 1/x) d(√x + 1/√x)/dx + (√x + 1/√x) d(x + 1/x)/dx
⇒ (x + 1/x) (1/2√x – 1/2x3/2) + (√x + 1/√x) (1 – 1/x2)
⇒ {x/(2√x) – x/(2x3/2) + 1/2(x3/2)- 1/(2x5/2)} + {√x – √x/x2 + 1/√x – 1/x5/2}
⇒ (1.√x/2 – 1/2√x + 1/2x3/2 – 1/2x5/2 + √x – 1/x3/2 + 1/√x – 1/x5/2)
⇒ (3√x/2 + √x/2 – 1/2x3/2 – 3/2x5/2)
⇒ 3x1/2/2 + x-1/2/2 – x-3/2/2 – 3x-5/2/2
问题 8. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (√x + 1/√x) 3 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (√x + 1/√x)3
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(√x + 1/√x)3 /dx
⇒ d(x3/2 + 3x.1/x + 3√x.1/x + 1/x3/2)/dx [As we know that, (a + b)3 = a2+ 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3]
⇒ d(x3/2 + 3x1/2 + 3x-1/2 + x-3/2)/dx
⇒ 3x1/2/2 + 3x-1/2/2 + 3.(-1/2).x-3/2 – 3x-5/2/2
⇒ 3x1/2/2 – 3x-5/2/2 + 3x-1/2/2 – 3x-3/2/2.
问题 9. 对 x 微分 f(x) = 2x 2 + 3x + 4 /x。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 4 /x
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(2x2 + 3x + 4 /x) / dx
⇒d(2x2/x + 3x/x + 4/x) /dx
⇒ d(2x + 3 + 4x-1) / dx
⇒ 2- 4/x2
问题 10. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (x 3 + 1) (x – 2) / x 2 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (x3+ 1) (x – 2) / x2
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d{(x3 + 1) (x – 2) / x2} / dx
⇒ d{(x4 – 2x3 +x – 2)/ x2} / dx
⇒ d(x2 – 2x + x-1 – 2x-2) / dx
⇒ d(x2)/dx – 2d(x)/dx + d(x-1)/dx – 2d(x-2)/dx
⇒ 2x – 2 – 1/x2 + 4/x3
⇒ 2x – 2 – 1/x2 + 4/x3
问题 11. 对 x 微分 f(x) = acosx + bsinx + c / sinx。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = acosx + bsinx + c / sinx
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(acosx + bsinx + c / sinx) /dx
⇒ a.d(cosx)/dx(sinx) + b.d(1)/dx + c.d/dx(sinx)
⇒ a(-cosec2x) + 0 + c(-cosecx.cotx)
⇒ -acosec2x – c.cosecx.cotx
问题 12. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (2secx + 3cotx – 4tanx)。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (2secx + 3cotx – 4tanx)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(2secx + 3cotx – 4tanx) / dx
⇒ 2.d(2secx)/dx + 3.d(cotx)/dx – 4.d(tanx)/dx
⇒ 2secxtanx – 3cosec2x – 4sec2x
问题 13. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (a 0 x n + a 1 x n-1 + a 2 x n-2 + ……… + a n-1 x + a n )。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 + ……… + an-1x + an)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 + ……… + an-1x + an) / dx
⇒ a0d(x)n/dx + a1d(x)n-1/dx + a2d(x)n-2/dx + ………. + an-1d(x)/dx + and(1)/dx
⇒ na0xn-1 + (n-1)a1xn-2 + ………. + an-1 + 0
⇒ na0xn-1+ (n-1)a1xn-2 + ……….. + an-1
问题 14. 对 x 微分 f(x) = 1/sinx + 2 x+3 + 4/logx 3 。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = 1/sinx + 2x+3 + 4/logx3
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d/dx (1/sinx + 2x+3 + 4/logx3)
⇒ d(cosecx)/dx + 23d(2x)/dx + 4/log3 × d(logx)/dx [As we know that, logba = loga/logb]
⇒ -cosecx.cotx + 8 × 2log2 + 4/log3 × 1/x [Since, d(ax)/dx = axloga]
⇒ -cosecx.cotx + 2x+3log2 + 4/xlog3
问题 15. 对 x 微分 f(x) = (x + 5)(2x – 1) / x。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = (x + 5)(2x – 1) / x
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d/dx {(x + 5)(2x2 – 1)/x}
⇒ d/dx (2x3 + 10x2 – x – 5 / x)
⇒ d(2x2 + 10x – 1 – 5x-1)/dx
⇒ 2d(x2)/dx + 10d(x)/dx – d(1)/dx – 5d(x-1)/dx
⇒ 2.2x + 10 – 0 + 5/x2
⇒ 4x + 10 + 5/x2
问题 16. 对 x 微分 f(x) = log(1/√x) + 5x a – 3a x + 3√x 2 + 6( 4 √x -3 )。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = log(1/√x) + 5xa – 3ax + 3√x2 + 6(4√x-3)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d/dx {log(1/√x) + 5xa – 3ax + 3√x2 + 6(4√x-3)}
⇒ d(log(1/√x)/dx + 5d(xa)/dx – 3(ax) + d(3√x2)/dx + 6d(4√x-3)/dx
⇒ -1/2.1/x + 5axa-1 – 3axloga + 2x-1/3/3 + 6x-7/4(-3/4)
⇒ -1/2x + 5axa-1 – 3axloga + 2x-1/3/3 – 9x-7/4/2
问题 17. 对 x 微分 f(x) = cos(x + a)。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = cos(x + a)
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d{cos(x + a)}/dx
⇒ d(cosx.cosa – sinx.sina)/dx
⇒ cosa.d(cosx)/dx – sina.d(sinx)/dx
⇒ cosa(-sinx) – sina(cosx)
⇒ cosx.sina + sinx.cosa
⇒ -(sinx.cosa + cosx.sina)
⇒ -sin(x + a)
问题 18. 对 x 微分 f(x) = cos(x – 2)/sinx。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = cos(x – 2)/sinx
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d{cos(x – 2)/sinx)/dx
⇒ d{(cosx.cos2 + sinx.sin2)/sinx} / dx
⇒ cos2.d(cotx)/dx + sin2.d(1)/dx
⇒ -cos2.cosec2x + 0
⇒ -cosec2x.cos2
问题 19. 如果 y = {sin(x/2) + cos(x/2)},在 x = π/6 处找到 dy/dx。
解决方案:
Given that, y = {sin(x/2) + cos(x/2)} …..(1)
Find that dy/dx at x = π/6
Now, differentiate eq(1) on both side w.r.t. x, we get
dy/dx = d{sin(x/2) + cos(x/2)}/dx
⇒ d{sin2(x/2) + cos2(x/2) + 2sin(x/2).cos(x/2)}/dx
⇒ d(1 + sinx)/dx [As we know that sin2x + cos2x = 1]
⇒ 0 + cosx [As we know that sin2x= 2sinx.cosx]
⇒ cosx
Now put x = π/6
⇒ cos(π/6)
⇒ √3/2
问题 20。如果 y = (2 – 3cosx / sinx),在 x = π/4 处找到 dy/dx。
解决方案:
Given that, y = (2 – 3cosx / sinx) ….(1)
Find that dy/dx at x = π/4
Now, differentiate eq(1) on both side w.r.t. x, we get
dy/dx = d(2 – 3cosx / sinx) / dx
⇒ d(2cosecx – 3cotx) / dx
⇒ 2d(cosecx)/dx – 3d(cotx)/dx
⇒ -2cosecx.cotx + 3cosec2x
Now put x = π/4
⇒ -2cosec(π/4).cot(π/4) + 3cosec2(π/4)
⇒ -2√2 – 1 + 3.2
⇒ -2√2 + 6
⇒ 6 – 2√2
问题 21. 求曲线 f(x) = 2x 6 + x 4 – 1 在 x = 1 处的切线斜率。
解决方案:
Given that f(x) = 2x6 + x4 – 1 at x = 1.
Find the slope of the tangent at a point x = 1
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ d(2x6 + x4 -1)/dx
⇒ 2dx6/dx + dx4/dx – d.1/dx
⇒ 12x5+ 4x3 – 0
⇒ 12x5 + 4x3
Now put x = 1
⇒ 12(1)5 + 4(1)3
⇒ 12 + 4
⇒ 16
Hence, the slope of the tangent to the curve f(x) at x = 1 is 16.
问题 22. 如果 y = √x/a + √a/x,证明 2xy.dy/dx = (x/a – a/x)
解决方案:
Given that, y = √x/a + √a/x
Prove that 2xy.dy/dx = (x/a – a/x)
Proof:
dy/dx = d(√x/a + √a/x)/dx
⇒ 1/√a.d(√x)/dx + √a.d(1/√x)/dx
⇒ 1/√a.1/2√x + √a(-1/2).1/x√x
⇒ 1/2x{√x/a + (-√a/x)}
⇒ 2x.dy/dx = √x/a – √a/x
Multiplying both side by y = √x/a + √a/x, we get
⇒ 2xy.dy/dx = (√x/a – √a/x)(√x/a + √a/x)
⇒ (x/a – a/x)
Hence proved.
问题 23. 求函数f(x) = x 4 – 2x 3 + 3x 2 + x + 5 相对于 x 的变化率。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 + x + 5
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
df(x)/dx = d(x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 + x + 5) / dx
⇒ 4x3 – 6x2 + 6x + 1.
问题 24. 如果 y = 2x 9 /3 – 5x 7 /7 + 6x 3 – x,在 x = 1 处找到 dy/dx。
解决方案:
Given that, y = 2x9/3 – 5x7/7 + 6x3 – x …..(1)
Find that dy/dx at x = 1
Now, differentiate eq(1) on both side w.r.t. x, we get
dy/dx = d(2x9/3 – 5x7/7 + 6x3 – x) / dx
⇒ 2/3dx9/dx – 5/7dx7/dx + 6dx3/dx – dx/dx
⇒ 2/3.9x8 – 5/7.7x6 + 18x2 – 1
⇒ 6x8 – 5x6 + 18x2 – 1.
Put x = 1
⇒ 6(1)8 – 5(1)6 + 18(1)2 – 1
⇒ 6 – 5 + 18 – 1
⇒ 18
问题 25. 如果 f(x) = λx 2 + μx + 12, f'(4) = 15 且 f'(2) = 11,则求 λ 和 μ。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = λx2 + μx + 12 …..(1)
f'(4) = 15 and f'(2) = 11
Find: the value of λ and μ.
Now, differentiate eq(1) w.r.t. x, we get
f(x) = λx2 +μx + 12
f'(x) = 2λx + μ
Now put f'(4) = 15, we get
⇒ 2λ(4) + μ = 15
⇒ 8λ + μ = 15 ……………(1)
Now put, f'(2) = 11
⇒ 2λ(2) + μ = 11
4λ + μ = 11 …………… (2)
From equation (1) and (2), we get
⇒ 4λ = 4
⇒ λ = 1
Now put value of λ in equation (1), we get
⇒ 8(1) + μ = 15
⇒ μ = 7
Hence, the value of λ = 1 and μ = 7
问题 26. 对于函数f(x) = x 100 /100 + x 99 /99 + ………….. + x 2 /2 + x + 1。
证明 f'(1) = 100f'(0)。
解决方案:
Given that, f(x) = x100/100 + x99/99 + ………….. + x2/2 + x + 1
Now, differentiate w.r.t. x, we get
⇒ f'(x) = x99 + x98 + ………… + x + 1 + 0 ……………..(1)
From equation (1),
⇒ f'(1) = 1 + 1 + …………….(100 times)
⇒ 100
Again,
⇒ f'(0) = 0 + 0 + ………….. + 1
⇒ 1
Now,
⇒ f'(1) = 100
⇒ 100 × 1 = 100 × f'(0)
⇒ f'(1) = 100f'(0)
Hence Proved