第 12 类 RD Sharma 解决方案 - 第 13 章作为速率测量器的导数 - 练习 13.2 |设置 2
问题 17. 当梯子开始向外滑动时,一个 6 米长的梯子顶部靠在水平路面上的垂直墙上。在梯脚离墙4米的瞬间,梯子以0.5m/sec的速度滑离墙。在这种情况下,顶部向下滑动的速度有多快?当它和顶部以相同的速度移动时,脚离墙多远?
解决方案:
Let the foot of the ladder be at a distance of x meter from the base of the wall and its top be at a distance of y meter above the ground.
Using Pythagoras Theorem we can get, x2 + y2 = 36
⇒ 2x= -2y……………………..(eqn 1)
when x = 4, y = 2√5
⇒ 2 x 4 x 0.5 = -2 x 2√5
⇒= -1/√5 m/sec
Now using eqn 1, we can write
⇒ 2x= -2y
⇒ x = -y
Putting x = -y in x2 + y2 = 36, we get
⇒ 2x2 = 36 ⇒ x = 3 √2 meter
问题 18. 一个直圆锥形的气球被一个半球覆盖,其直径等于圆锥的高度,正在充气。当 h = 9 cm 时,其体积相对于其总高度 h 的变化速度有多快。
解决方案:
Let r be the radius of the hemisphere and the cone has height h and volume of the compound arrangement be V, then according to the figure,
⇒ H = h+ r
⇒ H = 3r [Since, h = 2r]
⇒= 3———————(eqn. 1)
Now, volume of the compound arrangement is:
V =
⇒ V = [ h = 2r]
⇒ V =
⇒=
⇒\frac{\mathrm{d} V}{\mathrm{d} t} = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^2 \frac{\mathrm{d} H}{\mathrm{d} t} [using equation 1]
⇒=
⇒= 12cm3/sec
问题 19. 水以每分钟 π 立方米的速度流入倒锥形。圆锥体的高度为 10 米,其底部的半径为 5 m。当水位低于底座 7.5 m 时,水位上升的速度有多快。
解决方案:
Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the volume of the cone at any time t.
V = πr2h/3
=
From the image we can conclude,
h = 2r and
⇒= +
⇒=
⇒=
⇒=
⇒=
⇒
⇒
⇒= 0.64 m/min
问题 20. 一个 2 米高的人以 6 公里/小时的匀速步行离开 6 米高的灯柱。找出他的影子长度增加的速率?
解决方案:
Since,MNO ∼XYO,
=
⇒=
⇒ m/n = 2
⇒ m = 2n
⇒
⇒6 = 2
⇒= 3 km/hr
问题 21. 球形气泡的表面积以 2 cm 2 /s 的速度增加。当气泡的半径为 6 厘米时,气泡的体积以什么速度增加?
解决方案:
Let r, S, V be the radius, surface area, volume of the spherical bubble respectively.
The surface area is increasing, therefore= 2 cm2/s
Since, surface area of a spherical bubble is given by S = 4πr2
⇒= 8πr
⇒ 2 = 8πx6
⇒= cm/sec
We know, V =
⇒= 4πr2
⇒= 4π x 36 x
⇒= 6 cm3/sec
问题 22. 圆柱体的半径以 2 厘米/秒的速度增加。它的高度以 3 厘米/秒的速度下降。求半径为 3 cm、高度为 5 cm 时体积的变化率。
解决方案:
Le r be the radius and h be the altitude and V be the volume of the cylinder, then as per given
= 2 cm/sec and= -3 cm/sec
Volume of cylinder is given by:
V = πr2h
⇒= 2πrh+ πr2
⇒= πr
⇒= π x 3 (2 x 5 x 2 + 2 x (-3) )
⇒= 33π cm3/sec
问题 23.空心球中金属的体积是恒定的。如果内半径以 1 厘米/秒的速度增加,求半径分别为 4 厘米和 8 厘米时外半径的增加速度。
解决方案:
Let the outer radius be represented by R and inner radius be represented by r. Now, Volume of the hollow sphere is given by
V =
⇒= 4π
Since, volume is constant,= 0
⇒
⇒ 64= 16 x 1
⇒= cm/sec
问题 24.沙子以 50 cm 3 /min 的恒定速率倒在锥形堆上,使得锥形堆的高度始终是其底部半径的一半。当沙子有 5 厘米深时,桩的高度增加的速度有多快?
解决方案:
Let r be the radius, h be the height and V be the volume of conical pile. Now, volume of conical pile is given as:
V =
⇒ V = [Since, h = r/2]
⇒ =
⇒= 4πh2
⇒ 50 = 4πh2
⇒=
⇒= cm/min
问题 25.风筝高 120 m,字符串长 130 m。如果风筝以 52 m/sec 的速度水平移动,请找出放字符串的速度。
解决方案:
From the above figure, we can infer using Pythagoras Theorem
MN2 + NO2 = MO2
⇒ x2 + (120) = y2
⇒ 2= 2y
⇒=
Now, x = = 50
⇒= x 52
⇒= 20 m/sec
问题 26.一个粒子沿着曲线 y = (2/3)x 3 + 1 移动。找到曲线上 y 坐标变化速度是 x 坐标变化速度两倍的点。
解决方案:
Given y = x3 + 1
⇒= 2x2
It is also given that, y-coordinate is changing twice as fast as the x-coordinate, therefore
⇒=
Solving the above equation, we get x = ±1
Substituting the value of x in above given equation y = 5/3 and y = 1/3
So the coordinates of the point areand
问题 27.找到曲线 y 2 = 8x 上横坐标和纵坐标以相同速率变化的点?
解决方案:
Given, y2 = 8x
⇒ 2y= 8
Now, since abscissa and ordinate change at the same rate, therefore
⇒ 2y = 8
⇒ y = 4
Therefore, substituting the value of y in original equation. we get
16 = 8x ⇒ x = 2
Hence, the co-ordinate of the point is (2,4)
问题 28.立方体的体积以 9 cm 3 /sec 的速度增加。当边长为 10 厘米时,表面积增加的速度有多快?
解决方案:
Let the edge of the cube be denoted by a and its volume be denoted by V.
We know, Volume of cube, V = a3
⇒ = 3a2
⇒ 9 = 3 x (10)2
⇒= 0.03 cm/sec
Now, let the surface area of cube be given by A = 6a2
⇒= 12a
⇒= 12 x 10 x 0.03
⇒= 3.6 cm2/sec
问题 29。球形气球的体积以 25 cm 3 /sec 的速度增加。求半径为 5 cm 瞬间其表面积的变化率?
解决方案:
Let r be the radius, V be the volume and S be the surface area of the spherical balloon.
We know, V = πr3
⇒= 4πr2
⇒ 25 = 4π (5)2
⇒= cm/sec
Also, surface area, A = 4πr2
⇒= 8πr
⇒ = 8π x 5 x
⇒= 10 cm2/sec
问题 30. (i)矩形的长度 x 以 5 厘米/分钟的速度减少,宽度 y 以 4 厘米/分钟的速度增加。当 x = 8 cm 和 y = 6 cm 时,求周长的变化率?
(ii) 矩形的长度 x 以 5 厘米/分钟的速度减少,宽度 y 以 4 厘米/分钟的速度增加。当 x = 8 cm 和 y = 6 cm 时,求矩形面积的变化率?
解决方案:
We are given,= -5cm/min and= 4cm/min
(i) We know, perimeter of a rectangle P = 2(x + y)
⇒ = 2 (+)
⇒= 2 (-5 + 4)
⇒= -2 cm/min
(ii) Also, Area of rectangle A = xy
⇒= x+ y
⇒ = 8 x 4 + 6 x (-5)
⇒= 2 cm2/min
问题 31.正在加热一个半径为 3 厘米的圆盘。由于膨胀,它的半径以 0.05 厘米/秒的速度增加。求半径为 3.2 cm 时其面积增加的速率。
解决方案:
Let r be the radius and A be the area of circular disc respectively.
Then A = πr2
⇒= 2πr
⇒= 2π x 3.2 x 0.05
⇒= 0.32π cm2/sec