第11类RD Sharma解决方案–第19章算术级数-练习19.6

问题1：在以下之间找到AM：

(i)7和13(ii)12和-8(iii)(x – y)和(x + y)

解决方案：

(i) 7 and 13

Let A be the Arithmetic Mean of 7 and 13.

Then,
7, A and 13 are in A.P.

Now,
A – 7 = 13 – A

2A = 13 + 7

A = 20/2 = 10

∴ A.M. = 10

(ii) 12 and -8

Let A be the Arithmetic Mean of 12 and -8.

Then, 12, A and -8 are in A.P.

Now,

A – 12 = – 8 – A

2A = 12 + 8

A = 2

∴ A.M. = 2

(iii) (x – y) and (x + y)

Let A be the Arithmetic Mean of (x – y) and (x + y).

Then, (x – y), A and (x + y) are in A.P.

Now,

A – (x – y) = (x + y) – A

2A = x + y + x – y

A = x

∴ A.M. = x

问题2：在4到19之间插入4个AM

解决方案：

Let A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄ be the 4 A.M.s Between 4 and 19.

Then, 4, A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, 19 are in A.P. of 6 terms.

We know,

A_n = a + (n – 1).d

a = 4

Then,

a₆ = 19 = 4 + (6 – 1).d

∴ d = 3

Now,

A₁ = a + d = 4 + 3 = 7

A₂ = A₁ + d = 7 + 3 = 10

A₃ = A₂ + d = 10 + 3 = 13

A₄ = A₃ + d = 13 + 3 = 16

∴ The 4 A.M.s between 4 and 16 are 7, 10, 13 and 16.

问题3：在2到17之间插入7个AM

解决方案：

Let A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₆, A₇ be the 7 A.M.s between 2 and 17.

Then, 2, A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₆, A₇, 17 are in A.P. of 9 terms.

We know,

A_n = a + (n – 1).d

a = 2

Then,

a₉ = 17 = 2 + (9 – 1).d

17 = 2 + 9d – d

17 = 2 + 8d

8d = 17 – 2

8d = 15

∴ d = 15/8

Now,

A₁ = a + d = 2 + 15/8 = 31/8

A₂ = A₁ + d = 31/8 + 15/8 = 46/8

A₃ = A₂ + d = 46/8 + 15/8 = 61/8

A₄ = A₃ + d = 61/8 + 15/8 = 76/8

A₅ = A₄ + d = 76/8 + 15/8 = 91/8

A₆ = A₅ + d = 91/8 + 15/8 = 106/8

A₇ = A₆ + d = 106/8 + 15/8 = 121/8

∴ The 7 AMs between 2 and 7 are 31/8, 46/8, 61/8, 76/8, 91/8, 106/8 and 121/8.

问题4：在15到– 13之间插入六个AM

解决方案：

Let A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₆ be the 6 A.M.s between 15 and –13.

Then, 15, A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₆, –13 are in A.P. series.

We know,

An = a + (n – 1)d

a = 15

Then,

a₈ = -13 = 15 + (8 – 1)d

-13 = 15 + 7d

7d = -13 – 15

7d = -28

∴ d = -4

So,

A₁ = a + d = 15 – 4 = 11

A₂ = A₁ + d = 11 – 4 = 7

A₃ = A₂ + d = 7 – 4 = 3

A₄ = A₃ + d = 3 – 4 = -1

A₅ = A₄ + d = -1 – 4 = -5

A₆ = A₅ + d = -5 – 4 = -9

∴ The 6 A.M.s between 15 and -13 are 11, 7, 3, -1, -5 and -9.

问题5：在3到17之间有n个AM。最后一个平均值与第一个平均值的比率为3：1。找到n的值。

解决方案：

Let the A.P. series be 3, A₁, A₂, A₃, …….., A_n, 17.

Given,

A_n/A₁ = 3/1

We know total terms in AP are n + 2.

So, 17 is the (n + 2)^th term.

We know,

A_n = a + (n – 1)d

a = 3

Then,

A_n = 17, a = 3

A_n = 17 = 3 + (n + 2 – 1)d

17 = 3 + (n + 1)d

17 – 3 = (n + 1)d

14 = (n + 1)d

∴ d = 14/(n + 1).

Now,

A_n = 3 + 14/(n + 1) = (17n + 3)/(n + 1)

A₁ = 3 + d = (3n + 17)/(n + 1)

Since,

A_n/A₁ = 3/1

(17n + 3)/(3n + 17) = 3/1

17n + 3 = 3(3n + 17)

17n + 3 = 9n + 51

17n – 9n = 51 – 3

8n = 48

n = 48/8

= 6

∴ There are 6 terms in the A.P. series.

问题6：以介于第5个AM为27的方式在7到71之间插入AM。找到AM的数量。

解决方案：

Let the series be 7, A₁, A₂, A₃, …….., A_n, 71

We know total terms in the A.P. series is n + 2.

So, 71 is the (n + 2)^th term

We know,

A_n = a + (n – 1)d

a = 7

Then,

5^th A.M. = A6 = a + (6 – 1)d

a + 5d = 27

∴ d = 4

So,

71 = (n + 2)^th term

71 = a + (n + 2 – 1).d

71 = 7 + n.(4)

n = 15

∴ There are 15 terms in the A.P. series.

问题7：如果在两个数字之间插入n个AM，请证明与起点和终点等距的均值之和是恒定的。

解决方案：

Let a and b be the first and last terms.

The series be a, A₁, A₂, A₃, …….., A_n, b.

We know, Mean of a and b = (a + b)/2

Mean of A₁ and A_n = (A₁ + A_n)/2

∴ A₁ = a + d

∴ A_n = a – d

So, AM = (a + d + b – d) / 2 = (a + b) / 2

A.M. between A₂ and A_n-1 = (a + 2d + b – 2d) / 2 = (a + b) / 2

Similarly, (a + b) / 2 is constant for all such numbers.

∴ Hence, A.M. = (a + b) / 2

问题8：如果x，y，z位于AP中，并且A1是x和y的AM，而A2是y和z的AM，则证明A1和A2的AM是y。

解决方案：

Given that,

A₁ = A.M. of x and y

A₂ = A.M. of y and z

So, 

A₁ = (x + y)/2

A₂ = (y + z)/2

AM of A₁ and A₂ = (A₁ + A₂)/2

= [(x + y)/2 + (y + z)/2]/2

= (x + y + y + z)/4

= (x + 2y + z)/4  ……(i)

Since x, y, z are in AP,

y = (x + z)/2  ……(ii)

From (i) and (ii),

A.M. = [{x + z/2} + {(x + 2y + z)/4}]/2

= (y + y)/2

= 2y/2 = y

A.M. = y [Hence proved]

问题9：在8到26之间插入五个数字，以使所得序列为AP

解决方案：

Let A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅ be the 5 numbers between 8 and 26

Then, 8, A₁, A₂, A₃, A₄, A₅, 26 are in the A.P. series

We know,

A_n = a + (n – 1)d

a = 8

Then,

a₇ = 26 = 8 + (7 – 1)d

26 = 8 + 6d

6d = 26 – 8

6d = 18

∴ d = 18/6 = 3

So,

A₁ = a + d = 8 + 3 = 11

A₂ = A₁ + d = 11 + 3 = 14

A₃ = A₂ + d = 14 + 3 = 17

A₄ = A₃ + d = 17 + 3 = 20

A₅ = A₄ + d = 20 + 3 = 23

∴ So, the A.P. series is 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 and 26.