📅  最后修改于: 2023-12-03 15:12:43.947000             🧑  作者: Mango
在这个问题中,我们将讨论如何使用Python解决以下问题:
给定一个2D矩阵,它代表一个房间。矩阵中的每个元素都是一个门('G'),房间('-')或障碍物('W')。你的任务是找到每扇门到房间中最近的空房间的距离。我们假设所有门都可以进入。
我们将使用以下步骤解决此问题:
以下是Python代码片段,实现了上述方法:
from collections import deque
def find_closest_door(matrix, row, col):
rows = len(matrix)
cols = len(matrix[0])
queue = deque([(row, col, 0)])
visited = set()
while queue:
row, col, distance = queue.popleft()
current = (row, col)
if matrix[row][col] == 'G':
return current, distance
for r, c in ((-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)):
next_row, next_col = row + r, col + c
if 0 <= next_row < rows and 0 <= next_col < cols and matrix[next_row][next_col] != 'W' and (next_row, next_col) not in visited:
visited.add((next_row, next_col))
queue.append((next_row, next_col, distance + 1))
return None, None
def find_closest_doors(matrix):
rows = len(matrix)
cols = len(matrix[0])
distances = [[float('inf') for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
doors = []
for row in range(rows):
for col in range(cols):
if matrix[row][col] == 'G':
doors.append((row, col))
distance_matrix = [[float('inf') for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
queue = deque([(row, col, 0)])
visited = set()
while queue:
row, col, distance = queue.popleft()
current = (row, col)
if matrix[row][col] == '-':
distances[row][col] = min(distances[row][col], distance)
for r, c in ((-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)):
next_row, next_col = row + r, col + c
if 0 <= next_row < rows and 0 <= next_col < cols and matrix[next_row][next_col] != 'W' and (next_row, next_col) not in visited and distance_matrix[next_row][next_col] > distance + 1:
visited.add((next_row, next_col))
distance_matrix[next_row][next_col] = distance + 1
queue.append((next_row, next_col, distance + 1))
return distances
matrix = [['G', '-', 'W', '-'],
['-', 'W', '-', 'W'],
['-', '-', 'G', '-']]
distances = find_closest_doors(matrix)
print(distances)
以下是Python代码片段,实现上述方法:
def find_door_distances(matrix):
rows = len(matrix)
cols = len(matrix[0])
closest_doors = find_closest_doors(matrix)
distances = [[-1 for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
for row in range(rows):
for col in range(cols):
if matrix[row][col] == '-':
min_distance = float('inf')
for door in closest_doors:
door_row, door_col = door
distance = closest_doors[door_row][door_col][row][col]
min_distance = min(min_distance, distance)
if min_distance != float('inf'):
distances[row][col] = min_distance
return distances
matrix = [['G', '-', 'W', '-'],
['-', 'W', '-', 'W'],
['-', '-', 'G', '-']]
door_distances = find_door_distances(matrix)
print(door_distances)
在上面的代码中,我们首先计算矩阵中所有门的最近空房间的距离。接下来,我们检查矩阵中每个空房间,并计算其到最近门的距离。我们使用记录所有门到最近空房间的距离的2D列表,以查找最近的门。如果没有找到空房间,则将其距离设置为-1。
这样,我们就解决了题目中提出的问题,计算了矩阵中每扇门到最近的空房间的距离。代码可以进行进一步的优化,但上面给出的解决方案可以处理大多数常见的输入。