问题1.当a)r = 3cm b)r = 4cm时,求出圆的面积相对于半径r的变化率
解决方案:
Given,
radius of circle=r=3cm
Now, we know that area=πr2=A
Rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to r=dA/dr
dA/dr=d/dr πr2=2πr
so, when r=3
dA/dr
=2π(3)=6π
when r=4
dA/dr
=2π(4)=8π
问题2.立方体的体积以cm 3 / s的速率增加。当边缘的长度为12 cm时,表面积增加的速度有多快?
解决方案:
Given,
Rate of increase of the volume =8cm3/s
length of edge of cube=12cm=s
Now,
volume(v) of a cube with side length ‘s’
v=s3
Now, [chain rule]
so, the rate of change of surface Area(A)
A=6s2
问题3.圆的半径以3 cm / s的速度均匀增加。求出半径为10cm时圆的面积增加的速率。
解决方案:
Given,
rate of increase of radius = 3cm/s=r
so, = 3cm\s
To find : Ratio of increase of Area(A=πr2)
= π =2πr. [chain rule]
=2π(10)3=60πr
问题4.可变立方体的边缘以3 cm / s的速率增加。边缘长10厘米时,立方体的体积增加多快?
解决方案:
Given: rate of increase of edge of cube, =3cm/s
To find: Rate of increase of volume (v) of the cube
Now, [chain rule]
So,
问题5.将一块石头掉进一个安静的湖中,波浪以5cm / s的速度绕圈运动。在圆波半径为8cm的瞬间,封闭区域的增加速度有多快?
解决方案:
Given, Speed of water=rate of change of radius=5cm/s
To find: rate of increase of area=
= π =2πr. [chain rule]
= 2π(8)5cm2/s
=80πcm2/s
问题6.圆的半径以0.7cm / s的速率增加。其情况的增长率是多少?
解决方案:
Given: rate of increase of radius,
Circumference(P)=2πr
=2π.=2π.(0.7)
=1.4π cm/s or 4.4cm/s [taking π=22/7]
问题7.矩形的长度x以5厘米/分钟的速率减小,宽度y以4厘米/分钟的速率增大。当x = 8cm和y = 6cm时,求出(a)周长和b)矩形面积的变化率。
解决方案:
Given: Rate of change of length,
Rate of change of width,
Now, perimeter P=2(r+y)
Area A=x.y
so, a)
b)[x is decreasing, y is increasing]
问题8.气球在充气时始终保持球形,通过每秒泵入900立方厘米的气体进行充气。求出半径为15cm时气球半径增加的速率。
解决方案:
Given, Amount of gas pumped in per second/ Rate of change of volume =900 cm3/s
To find: Rate of change of radius, when r=15cm.
v=πr3
= 4πr2
Now, =4π(15)2.
900=900π.
= 1/π cm/s
问题9.始终保持球形的气球的半径是可变的。求出半径为10cm时其体积随半径增加的速率。
解决方案:
Let the radius be r & volume be v.
v=πr3
To find: Rate of change of volume with respect to
i.e
Now, π.r3=4πr2
=400π cm2
问题10. 5 m长的梯子靠在墙上。梯子的底部以2 cm / s的速度沿地面拉离墙壁。当梯子的脚距墙壁4m时,其在墙壁上的高度下降的速度有多快?
解决方案:
Given: Length of ladders=5m
In ∆ ABC, AC=5m, BC=4m, & ∠ABC=90°,
so by Pythagoras theorem,
AB==3
Now, let AB=x & BC=y
so, x2,y2=52 or x2,y2=25 ———1
Differentiating both sides of 1 by t, we get
or
Now at BC=y=4,
so
[negative sign means AB is decreasing]
问题11。粒子沿着曲线6y = x 3 + 2移动。在曲线上找到y坐标变化速度是x坐标变化速度8倍的点。
解决方案:
Given: curve 6y=x3+2 ————1
and ———-2
Differentially 1 with respect to it, we get,
from 2 6.8.
16=x2
x=±4 ————-3
Now for y coordinates, put 3
6y=x3+2
when x = -4
6y = -64+2
y =
and, when x = 4
6y = 66
y = 11
问题12.气泡的半径以1/2 cm / s的速率增加。当半径为1 cm时,气泡的体积以什么速率增加?
解决方案:
Given: Rate of increase of radius cm/s
To Find: Rate of increase of volume,
Now, v=4/3πr3
=π =4πr2
=4π(1)2. cm3/s
=2π cm3/s
问题13:始终保持球形的气球的直径可变 (2x + 1)。求出其体积相对于x的变化率。
解决方案:
Given: Diameter of sphere=3/2(2x+1)=d
So, radius of the sphere will be d/2=3/4(2x+1)=r
(2)
Now, volume =4/3πr3
Rate of change of volume with respect to radius
=π=4πr2
= 4π(
π (2x+1)2
问题14.沙子以12 cm 3 / s的速度从管道中倒出。掉落的沙子在地面上形成一个圆锥体,使圆锥体的高度始终是基座半径的六分之一。高度为4厘米时,锥体的高度增加的速度有多快?
解决方案:
Given: Rate of falling sand=12cm3/s
Now this rate is basically the rate of change of the cone.
so,
Now, radius =r
height =r
height is always one-sixth of the radius so,
h=r/6 or r=6h
To find : Rate of change of height =dh/dt=?
Now, volume v=1/3πr2h=1/3.π(6h)2.h
v=12πh3
=12π=12π3h2.
12 =36π.(4)2.
= π
=1 / 48π cm/s
问题15。与项目的x个单位的生产相关的以卢比为单位的总成本C(x)由C(x)= 0.003x 2 + 15x + 4000给出。找到生产17个单位时的边际成本。
解决方案:
Given: c(x)=0.007x3-0.003x2+15c+4000
Now change in total cost with respect to units is know as marginal cost i.e
Marginal cost=0.021x2-0.006x+15
Marginal cost when 17 units are produced
=0.221(17)2-0.006(17)+15
=6.069-0.102+15
=20.967
问题16.从产品x单位的规模中以卢比表示的总收入为R(x)= 13x 3 + 26x + 15。当x = 7时找到边际收益。
解决方案:
Marginal revenue is the rate of change of total revenue with respect to no. of units.
So, Marginal revenue =
Marginal revenue=
Marginal revenue when (x=7)
=26 (8)
=208
问题17.在r = 6cm处,圆的面积相对于半径r的变化率为(A)10π(B)12π(C)8π(D)11π。
解决方案:
Area, A=πr2,where r is the radius
Rate of change of area with respect to its radius r is,
=π=2πr
=2π(6)=12π
问题18:从销售某产品的x个单位中获得的卢比总收入为R(x)= 3x 2 + 36x + 5。当x = 15时的边际收益为(A)116(B)96(C)90(D)126
解决方案:
Marginal Revenue=
Marginal Revenue=6x + 36
Marginal Revenue at x=15 is 6 (15)+36=126